Protective protein

Bansal, G.S., Norton, P.M., Latchman, D.S. (1991). The 90-kDa heat shock protein protects matiunalian cells from thermal stress but not from viral infection. Exp. Cell Res. 195,303-306. 

Messenger RNAs exist in the cytoplasm as ribonu-cleoprotein particles (RNPs). Some of these proteins protect the mRNA from digestion by nucleases, while others may under certain conditions promote nuclease attack. It is thought that mRNAs are stabihzed or destabilized by the interaction of proteins with these various structures or sequences. Certain effectors, such as hormones, may regulate mRNA stability by increasing or decreasing the amount of these proteins. 

Tzannis and Prestrelski [144,145] showed a concentration-dependent protective effect of sucrose and residual moisture on the activity and stability of tryp-sinogen during spray-drying. They found protein protection even at low carbohydrate concentrations, but they observed some destabilization at very high sucrose concentrations. They hypothesized that phase separation occurs at high sucrose concentrations, resulting in... 

Goering PL, BA. 1985. Mechanisms of renal lead-binding protein protection against lead-inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 234 365-371. 

When supported complexes are the catalysts, two types of ionic solid were used zeolites and clays. The structures of these solids (microporous and lamellar respectively) help to improve the stability of the complex catalyst under the reaction conditions by preventing the catalytic species from undergoing dimerization or aggregation, both phenomena which are known to be deactivating. In some cases, the pore walls can tune the selectivity of the reaction by steric effects. The strong similarities of zeolites with the protein portion of natural enzymes was emphasized by Herron.20 The protein protects the active site from side reactions, sieves the substrate molecules, and provides a stereochemically demanding void. Metal complexes have been encapsulated in zeolites, successfully mimicking metalloenzymes for oxidation reactions. Two methods of synthesis of such encapsulated/intercalated complexes have been tested, as follows. 

Modify a purified bait protein by adding an aliquot of crosslinker to achieve a molar excess of 2-10 moles per mole of protein (protect from light). For NHS ester-containing reagents, react in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.2-7A. Avoid using any other amine-containing buffer components, such as Tris or imidazole, which will interfere with the reaction. 

Wang, M. S., Fang, G., Culver, D. G., Davis, A A., Rich, M. M., and Glass, J. D. The Wlds protein protects against axonal degeneration a model of gene therapy for peripheral neuropathy. Ann. Neurol. 50 773-779, 2001. 

Beech, J. T. et al., CD4+ Th2 cells specific for mycobacterial 65-kilodalton heat shock protein protect against pristane-induced arthritis. J. Immunol., 159, 3692, 1997. 

J. W. Jonker, M. Buitelaar, E. Wagenaar, M. A. Van Der Valk, G. L. Scheffer, R. J. Scheper, T. Plosch, F. Kuipers, R. P. Elferink, H. Rosing, J. H. Beijnen, and A. H. Schinkel. The breast cancer resistance protein protects against a major chlorophyll-derived dietary phototoxin and protoporphyria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 15649-15654 (2002). 

Louria-Hayon, L, et al.. The Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Protects p53 from Mdm2-mediated Inhibition and Degradation. J Biol Chem, 2003, 278(35), 33134-41. 

Very recently the protein structures of ACE with the bound inhibitors Lisinopril (Fig. 4) and Captopril were published (101,102). Also the protein structure of the LF from Bacillus anthracis (PDB-Code 1J7N) caused a sensation, which is now available to the public (Fig. 14b) (103). LF is part of the toxic exotoxin complex composed of three distinct proteins (protective antigen PA, the lethal factor LF and the edema factor EF), and is thought to be the most toxic... 

BoNTs form complexes with non-toxic proteins called progenitor toxin . Such proteins protect neurotoxins against the negative influences of the stomach environment and proteolytic enzymes. They also play an important... 

Genes encoding efflux pumps confer resistance to tetracyclines Genes encoding proteins protecting the ribosome from the inhibiting effects of tetracycline... 

A. van Nieuw Amerongen, J.G.M. Bolscher, E.C.I. Veerman, Saliva proteins Protective and diagnostic value in cariology. Caries Res. 38 (2004) 247-253. 

Salvi, A. et al., Protein protection by antioxidants development of a convenient assay and structure-activity relationships of natural polyphenols, Helv. Chim. Acta, 85, 867, 2002. 

Kohl, T., Hitzeroth, 1.1., Stewart, D., Varsani, A., Govan, V.A., Christensen, N.D., Williamson, A.-L., and Rybicki, E.R (2006). Plant-produced cottontail rabbit papillomavirus LI protein protects against tumor challenge a proof-of-concept study. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13(8) 845-853. 

Lee, J.-Y, Yn, J., Henderson, D., Langridge, W.H.R. (2004). Plant-synthesized . coli CEA/1 fibrial protein protects Caco-2 cells from bacterial attachment. Vaccine 23(2) 222-231. 

Eizirik, D. L., Tracey, D. E., Bendtzen, K., and Sandler, S. (1991). An interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein protects insulin-producing beta cells against suppressive effects of interleukin-1/8. Diabetologia 34. 445-448. 

In hemoglobin and myoglobin the globin protein protects the ferroheme, which is tucked into a hydrophobic crevice of the protein, known as the heme pocket . 

The liberation of sulfhydryl groups was not detected after irradiation of 0.5% ovalbumin solutions. Since it was shown that the presence of inert protein protected, rather than inactivated, phenolase, it was concluded that thiol groups, produced by disruption of disulfide bonds in the protein, had no significant role in phenolase inactivation. 

Calabrese Y, Calvani M, Butterfield DA. 2006d. Acetyl-L-camitine-induced up-regulation of heat shock proteins protects cortical neurons against amyloid-beta peptide 1-42-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity Implications for Alzheimer s disease. 

Chang, Y. and Prud homme, G.J. (1999) Intramuscular administration of expression plasmids encoding interferon-7 receptor/IgGl or IL-4/IgGl chimeric proteins protects from autoimmunity. J. Gene Med., 1, 415-423. 

Example of a protected amine. The protected amino acid V -ferf-butoxy carbonyl (Boc)-l-lysine, when used as the amine to synthesize the triazine-based ligands, is deprotected prior to screening with protein. Protected immobilized ligands, after washing with the appropriate solvent in a sintered funnel, are immersed in 99% v/v trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and stirred for 1 h in the fume hood. Methanol is added to dilute the TFA, and the waste solution is carefully disposed of. The matrixes are washed sequentially with methanol and distilled water (3 10 gel... 

Jonker JW, Buitelaar M, Wagenaar E, et al. The breast cancer resistance protein protects against a major chlorophyll-derived dietary phototoxin and protoporphyria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 99 15649-15654. 

Protein Protection of any DNA sequence Protection of a specific DNA sequence... 

Plasma LPS-Binding Proteins Protect and Provoke Septic Shock - The Achilles Heel ... 

McIntosh, G.H., Regester, G.O., Le Leu, R.K., Royle, P.J., and Smithers, G.W. 1995. Dairy proteins protect against dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal cancer in rats. J. Nutr. 125, 809-816. 

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