Work streams

One can view samples from an explosion scene as belonging to one of two work streams (i) clean and (ii) dirty. Separation between these work streams needs to be established at the earliest possible moment in the process with appropriate laboratory facilities to handle each. The clean work stream contains items which are to be examined for invisible chemical traces of explosives. Such items need protection from any external contamination to a degree commensurate with the sensitivity of the chemical analysis techniques to be employed. The dirty work stream contains items that do not require trace analysis precautions, e.g., scene debris for physical searching. Nonetheless, such items still need to be handled in a way which protects their evidential integrity. Some items can start in the clean stream and then be transferred to the dirty stream, e.g., damaged motor vehicles may first be examined for explosive traces, and then transferred out of the trace examination area to be searched for physical evidence. 

For each type of work the laboratory needs facilities for four basic functions  

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Segregated from the work stream or placed in a designated holding area when practical, the access is restricted to those with authority to make disposition... 

Grassmann diagram of the gas-phase process. Exergy and lost work streams are shown as a percentage of the total input. 

Next to the above-listed four integration phases, there was also a so-called postclosure separation work stream, which covered the transition arrangements with Solutia (brand use, invoicing arrangements, building leases, etc.), as well as the restructuring of the legal entities. 

For deriving the exeigy balance for heat and work streams, first we multiply the entropy balance by the temperature T0 and then subtract it from the energy balance, and we obtain... 

Calculations were made for the initial and final states of the waste, and also year by year to show the impact of radioactive decay. Modelling of any short-term increases in hazard potential arising from retrieval, immobilisation and store management operations is outside the scope of the RHP, which is intended to be a measure of progress towards passively safe storage rather than a continuous hazard monitor . The RHP is normally calculated either annually or upon work-stream completion. 

The cleanroom is normally constructed in an existing building or structure as a core unit, surrounded by supporting access and staging anterooms, service chases, and machine rooms necessary to support the aseptic operation, supply working materials, and remove finished products and waste materials without cross-contamination or interference with the critical work stream. 

Work streaming. Inclusion of the necessary QA/ QC steps in the overall process. 

A definition of the aseptic techniques and work practices of operative personnel, and a report of findings based upon videotaped observation of the actual work stream during prequalification runs for identification and elimination of personnel-generated contamination sources, identification of susceptible areas including critical sites and steps, and indicator sites ... 

Flotation methods allow recovery of fibers from water, which are raised to the surface on bubbles as a thick mat, which forms on the top of an aeration cell. This mat, which is virtually free of grit, is recycled to the pulp working stream. Slime growth in the aeration cell is discouraged by strong alternation of conditions such as pH, temperature, or chlorination level. Organomercury slime control agents were once used for this purpose. 

Safety was defined to be the responsibility of everyone on the project and safety activities were undertaken within and across all work streams. In addition, a team was nominated to support the safety activities and lead the safety analysis work. Key roles were defined for the Managing Consultant, the Safety Workstream Manager and the Project Safety Manager. A Safety Champion was also appointed to provide safety guidance and mentoring as appropriate. 

To oversee the safety programme, a Hazard Control and Review Committee was formed. This was chaired by the Safety Champion and contained representatives of the project sponsor, the managing consultant and the work stream managers. This committee reviewed all risk assessments, tasks and safety requirements. The hazard log was central to this process - a live connection to the log was projected in the meetings and the content reviewed directly. This enabled convenient navigation around the hazard log as questions arose. The review status of each entry was also recorded in the hazard log, simplifying the task of identifying which entries required review. 

These objectives have been translated into three separate but closely interrelated research streams dealing with requirements capture/specification, development and dependability assessment. Accordingly SafeFM is structured on the following work-streams ... 

This work-stream aims to produce a generic model for the specification of high integrity systems. This will be achieved by research in the following two areas ... 

Clearly the choice of models will be influenced not only by the application domain but also by the assessment principles of the third work-stream. This is because the models used must ... 

It may not be feasible to use the defined calculus for the migration path work-stream of SafeFM, since it will only become available during the later stages of the work. However we expect that the emerging methodology for producing coherent specifications will be independent of any particular notation,... 

This work-stream aims to show how formal methods can be introduced practically into... 

Throughout this work-stream the emphasis will be on the practical use of formal methods. To achieve this, tool support is essential and our approach will be greatly influenced by available tool support. However, we also intend to identify areas where automation would be fairly easy to achieve and would also help to reduce costs. In particular the following areas will be addressed ... 

The assessment work-stream will have considerable influence upon the work carried out within work-streams one and two. The purpose of the assessment work-stream is to develop techniques within the dependability lifecycle, reinforcing them with formal methods. This will be achieved as follows ... 

The devised dependability perspectives will be incorporated into the coherent specification methodology developed within work-stream one. 

The identification of root causes of software failures, as defined within the dependability analysis work, provides a strong influence on the work-stream two work development approach. Once root causes are identified it should be possible to add techniques/tools to the development approach to avoid such failures. 

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