Wood tar

Medicinal creosote is a mixture of phenols, chiefly guaiacol and creosol (4-melhyl-2-meth-oxyphenol), obtained by distillation of wood tar. B.p. 480-500 K. It is almost colourless with a characteristic odour and is a strong antiseptic, less toxic than phenol. 

Most specifications and analytical methods have been given (72). Most of the standards have remained unchanged for the past half-century. They were designed for acid recovered from wood tar condensates. Ah acid of commerce easily passes these tests. 

Chemically, wood tar is a complex mixture that contains at least 200 individual compounds, among which the foUowing have been isolated (1) 2-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxy-4-ethylphenol, 5-meth5i-2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-x5ienol, butyric acid, crotonic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, butyrolactone, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4JT-pyran-4-one, 2-methyl-2-propenal, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl furyl ketone, and 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-l-one. 

Birken-holz, n. birch wood, -holzteer, m. birch-(wood) tar. -holzteerseifc, /, birch tar soap, -kampher, m, birch camphor, betulin. -kohle, /, birch charcoal, -rinde, /, birch bark. -liftdaiUil, -61, n. oil of betula, cdl of sweet bircb. -teer, m. tdrch tar. -teerdt, n. birch tar oil. 

Mfldelchen, n, little needle (or pin), I adel-eisenerz, n., -eisenstein, m. needle iron ore (gdthite in acicular crystals), -erz, n, needle ore (aikinite in acicular crystals), -faser, /, acicular fiber. nadelfSrmig, a. needle-shaped, acicular. Madel-holz, n. conifers (collectively), esp, pines and firs wood of conifers, soft wood, -holzer, n.pl. (Bot.) Finales, Coniferae, -holzkohle,/. soft-wood charcoal, -holzteer, m, soft-wood tar, (loosely) pine tar. -holzzellstoff, m. cellulose (or pulp) from conifers, nadelig, a. needly, acicular. 

Schiffs-leim, m. marine glue, -peclit n. common black pitch, -teer, m. ship s tar, wood tar. Schild, n. label sign, signboard badge (of hides) butt (turtle) shell. — m. shield escutcheon, -chen, n. little label, little shield, etc. (see Schild). -driise,/. thyroid gland. Schilddriisen-. thyroid, -essenz, /., -extrakt, n. iPharm.) thyroid solution. 

Norris Powder. A low-freezing mining expl invented in 1901 by an American, Norris. It was much less sensitive to impact and friction than contemporary Dynamites. It contained NG 70, mononitrobenzene 15, and Huile empyroma-tique 15%. The latter ingredient consisted of ail oily substance obtained on distn of wood tar. 

E. W. H. Hayek, P. Krenmayr, H. Lohninger, U. Jordis, W. Moche and F. Sauter, Identification of archaeological and recent wood tar pitches using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and pattern recognition, Anal. Chem., 62, 2038 2043 (1990). 

Beck, C.W., Stout, E.C. and Janne, P.A. (1997). The pyrotechnology of pine tar and pitch inferred from qualitative analyses by GC-MS and carbon-13 NMR spectrometry. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Wood Tar and Pitch, Biskupin, Poland, ed. Brzezinski, W. and Piotrowski, W., State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw, Warsaw, pp. 181-192. 

Due to this technology s stage of development, no cost information is available regarding product cost. Cost information regarding production cost, however, has been developed. The cost of producing BAC is 39% less than producing conventional activated carbon 227.00 per ton for BioBinder pellets compared with 375.00 per ton for activated carbon pellets made from wood char and wood tar in 1996 dollars (D137421, p. 2). 

The liquids used during WWI and WWII were combinations of heavy and light distillates of petroleum, coal rar or wood tar. The presence of small amounts of light distillates Is necessary in order to secure easier ignition, while the presence of heavy distillates is necessary because heavy liquids can be thrown farther and are longer-burning... 

CeHeOB, 126.11, occurs in pine needles and the bark of young larch trees. It is produced when cellulose or starch are heated and is a constituent of wood tar oils. It forms crystals mp 162 164 °C) with a caramel-like odor, reminiscent of freshly baked cakes. 

It is becoming apparent that wood components, especially lignin, are chemically modified by solvents during wood dissolution, and that the resulting wood tars or pastes become highly reactive. Attempts have therefore been made to prepare effective adhesives, moldable resins and other products from wood after dissolution in phenols or polyhydric alcohols. This review presents recent progress on wood dissolution, and on the preparation of epoxy and phenol resin adhesives from kraft lignin. 

On the other hand, it has recently been demonstrated that untreated wood and/or wood modified by, for example, esterification or etherification can be dissolved in several organic solvents including phenols (3-10). Characterization of the resulting wood tars has revealed a high reactivity and the products can be converted readily into adhesives, moldable resins, etc. 

Composition, Processing, and Uses. There are no statistics available for the amount of wood tar processed, but almost all of it is burned. 

Duosol Process. The Duosol process developed by the Max B. Miller Co. (28) is an outstanding example of commercial adoption of a double solvent extraction process. Patents (27) for this process date from May 1933 and cover numerous aspects of the problem including a variety of paraffinic solvents (ethane, propane, butane, petroleum ether) and naphthenic solvents (wood tar acids, cresols, creosote, and phenol). Present commercial application utilizes propane and Selecto (a mixture of phenol and cresylic acid, normally ranging in composition from 20 to 80% phenol). 

TAR ACID. Any mixture of phenols present in tars or tar distillates and extractable by caustic soda solutions. Usually refers to tar acids from coal tar and includes phenol, cresols, and xylenols. When applie d to die products from other tars it should be qualified by the appropriate prefix, e.g., wood tar acid, lignite tar acid, etc. See also Coal Tar and Derivatives. 

During the nineteenth century wood distillation was locally practiced to produce various chemicals such as methanol, turpentine, acetic acid, phenols, and wood tar. Together with charcoal and wood these products were important commodities in many communities. Today petrochemicals have completely displaced them and wood pyrolysis is no longer eco-... 

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