With polyamine solutions

Other polydentate ligands are polyamines and related ligands. Stability constants of silver(I) complexes with polyamines in dimethyl sulfoxide,419 A-methyl-substituted 4-methyldiethylene-triamines,420 or ethylene- or N- or C-methylated ethylenediamine in aqueous solution have been reported.421 The structure of the silver 1,3-diaminopropane complex, [Ag NH2(CH2)3NH2 ]-C104,422 and complex formation with 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,5-diaminopentane have been reported.423 A dinuclear silver(I) compound with ethylenediamine [(enH)Ag(en)Ag(enH)2]4+ has... 

Of the primary monoamines, some, such as. aniline, o-toluidine, xylidine, are colourless liquids. Others, such as p-toluidine, pseudo-cumidine and the naphthylamines, are solids. They can be distilled without decomposition and are volatile with steam. In water they are rather sparingly soluble—a 3 per cent solution of aniline can be made. The di- and polyamines are usually solids, not volatile in steam and much more soluble in water than the monoamines. The amines are basic in character, but, as a result of the negative nature of the phenyl-group, the aromatic amines are considerably weaker bases than are the aliphatic amines. Consequently aqueous solutions of the (stoicheio-metrically) neutral aniline salts are acid to litmus because of the hydrolysis which they undergo. For the same reason a small amount of the free base can be extracted with ether from an aqueous solution of an aniline salt. (Test with a solution of hydrogen chloride in ether or, after evaporation of the ether, by the reaction with bleaching powder.)... 

It had been found previously [106] that cell adhesion on the surface of HA copolymers decreased with increasing ambient pH. With polyHEMA, on the other hand, no pH-dependency was observed. We considered the adhesion to be caused primarily by ionic interaction between the lymphocytes and the HA surfaces. The degree of protonation (a) of amino groups in HA copolymer was estimated by acid-base titration of an HCI solution of polyamine macromonomer with NaOH solution. In physiological conditions (pH 7.2-7.4) about 50% of the amino groups of the macromonomer are protonated. In this pH range, the polyamine macromonomer was found to be insoluble. 

Phenylpentan-l-ol (46). A solution of benzaldehyde (0.5 mmol) in THF (2 ml) was treated at 78° with a solution of n-buthyllithium (0.36 ml, 1.6 M solution in hexanes, 0.57 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to slowly reach RT and stirred for 2.5 h. Then carboxylic acid resin (5, 0.80 g, 8 mmol, 10.0 mequiv./g) was added and the suspension was stirred for 4 h. The resin was filtered and rinsed with THF a few times until complete washing of the product. Upon evaporation of the filtrate, lithium-free product was obtained, which was then dissolved in DCM followed by the addition of polyamine resin (0.50 g, 1.49 mmol). This suspension was stirred at room temperature for 5 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the resin rinsed with DCM until complete washing of the product. Upon evaporation of the solvent, pure (benzaldehyde-free) 1-phenylpentan-l-ol was obtained. 

The mechanism of polyamine hydrogenation (Fig. 6.8) is believed to involve successive electron transfer (from polyamine to fullerene) - proton transfer (from polyamine radical cation to fullerene radical anion) steps (Briggs et al. 2005 Kintigh et al. 2007). At or near room temperature, aliphatic amines and polyamines are known to hydroaminate [60]fullerene (Miller 2006), likely also involving preliminary electron transfer - proton transfer steps followed by free radical coupling of C and N based radicals (Fig. 6.8). At elevated temperatures in polyamine solution, however, this latter free radical coupling step becomes uncompetitive with... 

The incorporation of positive charges has decreased the fouling susceptibility of membranes even more effectively. This is the principle of the aromatic polyamide membrane series commercialized by Hydranautics as low fouling composite membranes (LFC). Cationic charge-modified nylon membranes are also commercially available from CUNO 3M, under the trademark Zeta Plus . Pall Corp. sells cationic charge-modified nylon membranes under the trademark Ngg Posidyne. There are different ways to make the membrane positively charged. A patent from Millipore [148] describes the surface modification of hydrophobic membranes by contacting them with a solution of polyamine epichlorohydrin... 

Mice were injected with DMSO solutions containing varying amounts of platinum polyamine and observed for 24 hours. Injection occurred in the intraperitoneal cavity region of the mouse. 

Polyamines can also be made by reaction of ethylene dichloride with amines (18). Products of this type are sometimes formed as by-products in the manufacture of amines. A third type of polyamine is polyethyleneimine [9002-98-6] which can be made by several routes the most frequently used method is the polymeriza tion of azitidine [151 -56 ] (18,26). The process can be adjusted to vary the amount of branching (see Imines, cyclic). Polyamines are considerably lower in molecular weight compared to acrylamide polymers, and therefore their solution viscosities are much lower. They are sold commercially as viscous solutions containing 1—20% polymer, and also any by-product salts from the polymerization reaction. The charge on polyamines depends on the pH of the medium. They can be quaternized to make their charge independent of pH (18). 

Interfdci l Composite Membra.nes, A method of making asymmetric membranes involving interfacial polymerization was developed in the 1960s. This technique was used to produce reverse osmosis membranes with dramatically improved salt rejections and water fluxes compared to those prepared by the Loeb-Sourirajan process (28). In the interfacial polymerization method, an aqueous solution of a reactive prepolymer, such as polyamine, is first deposited in the pores of a microporous support membrane, typically a polysulfone ultrafUtration membrane. The amine-loaded support is then immersed in a water-immiscible solvent solution containing a reactant, for example, a diacid chloride in hexane. The amine and acid chloride then react at the interface of the two solutions to form a densely cross-linked, extremely thin membrane layer. This preparation method is shown schematically in Figure 15. The first membrane made was based on polyethylenimine cross-linked with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (28). The process was later refined at FilmTec Corporation (29,30) and at UOP (31) in the United States, and at Nitto (32) in Japan. 

Polyurethane adhesives are known for excellent adhesion, flexibihty, toughness, high cohesive strength, and fast cure rates. Polyurethane adhesives rely on the curing of multifunctional isocyanate-terrninated prepolymers with moisture or on the reaction with the substrate, eg, wood and ceUulosic fibers. Two-component adhesives consist of an isocyanate prepolymer, which is cured with low equivalent weight diols, polyols, diamines, or polyamines. Such systems can be used neat or as solution. The two components are kept separately before apphcation. Two-component polyurethane systems are also used as hot-melt adhesives. 

Physical properties of some commercially available polyamines appear in Table 1. Generally, they are slightly to moderately viscous, water-soluble Hquids with mild to strong ammoniacal odors. Although completely soluble in water initially, hydrates may form with time, particularly with the heavy ethyleneamines (TETA, TEPA, PEHA, and higher polyamines), to the point that gels may form or the total solution may soHdify under ambient conditions. The amines are also completely miscible with alcohols, acetone, benzene, toluene and ethyl ether, but only slightly soluble in heptane. 

Quatemized imidazolines with an amido moiety are suitable formulations for general oil and gas field applications. The synthesis of such compounds is detailed in the literature [1218]. For aqueous systems that contain sulfide compounds, a mixture has been described [262] that consists of an aqueous solution of an alcohol such as diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, butyl cellosolve, additional orthophosphoric acid, a fatty acid (from tall oil), substituted imidazoline, an ethoxylated fatty diamine (polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, etc.), and a molybdate compound. 

---