PALL CORP

The prototype shell-and-tube type cross-flow filtration modules (Pall Corp.) used for filtration tests are welded into a stainless steel shell enclosure. The modules have an inlet (filtrate) and outlet (retentate) port (both at tube sides) with Vi-inch tubing ends, and a permeate port, located near the midpoint of the shell side of the unit. The stainless steel filter membranes have a nominal pore size of 0.1 pm. The surface of the filter media is coated with a proprietary submicron layer of zirconia. 

Validation Guidefor the Palltronic FFE03-P Filter Integrity Pest Instrument, TRFFE03-P, Pall Corp., East Hills, N.Y., 1992. 

Data by courtesy of Pall Corp., Glen Cove, N.Y. f Similar septa made from other metals are available. 

Throughout the 2003 mesocosm study, water (50-500 ml) was collected every third day onto 0.8 gm Supor membrane filters (Pall corp.) and stored at -80°C until analysis. Following enumeration of Phaeocystis sp. single cells and colonies, two samples were chosen for molecular determination of the composition of the Phaeocystis sp. community. Gene sequence analysis of Phaeocystis sp. small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes from samples collected from a fertilized enclosure early in the experiment when only single cells were present (5 March 2003 single cells 15 ml"1,... 

Nanosep centrifugal device (300 kDa MWCO) (Pall Corp., NY, USA). 

AMF-Cuno Meriden, CT Gelman Ann Arbor, MI Millipore Corp. Bedford, MA Pall Corp. Glen Cove, NY... 

Pennwalt Ltd. Krauss-Maffei AG Amberger Kaohnwerke University College London Pall Corp. 

It is also claimed that positively charged 1.2 ju pore size MF membranes will retain Pseudomonas diminuta. Data from Pall Corp.18 on their 1.2 ju Nw Posidyne membrane show better than 99.99% retention of Pseudomonas. Their conventional 1.2 ju ULTlPOR N66TM membrane (without the charge) retained less than 50% of the Pseudomonas. In both cases, challenges between 2 x 1010 and 7 x 1012 bacteria per square foot of filter area were used. This means that comparable removal of Pseudomonas can be achieved with more than 10 times the flow rate of a 0.2 ju pore-size membrane. 

Pall Corp., The Pall Posidyne Membrane Filter Guide product literature... 

Posidyne. [Pall Corp.] Nylon 6/6 positive zeta potential high area filter elements for microbial and particulate removal. 

A number of commercially available rotating disk dynamic membrane systems have been tested for different applications. The DMF module (Pall Corp., New York) consists of several disks mounted on the same shaft, such that each can rotate between two annular membranes with maximum rotation speed of 3450 rpm, corresponding to an azimuthal velocity of 20 m/s at the disk tip. Pali s lab-scale system has been tested for protein separation [64] and filtration of recombinant yeast cells [65]. The studies of the application of the rotating disk dynamic membrane indicated that high-shear-enhanced filtration is much less sensitive to the solid concentration. 

The incorporation of positive charges has decreased the fouling susceptibility of membranes even more effectively. This is the principle of the aromatic polyamide membrane series commercialized by Hydranautics as low fouling composite membranes (LFC). Cationic charge-modified nylon membranes are also commercially available from CUNO 3M, under the trademark Zeta Plus . Pall Corp. sells cationic charge-modified nylon membranes under the trademark Ngg Posidyne. There are different ways to make the membrane positively charged. A patent from Millipore [148] describes the surface modification of hydrophobic membranes by contacting them with a solution of polyamine epichlorohydrin... 

Figure 1.13 Schematic of cartridge membrane filters Top - deep-pleated filter with increased surface area (Pall Corp.) Bottom - traditional pleated filter with less surface area and non-uniform flow.

Mordenite Framework Inverted (MFI) zeolite membranes were synthesized on the inner surface of a-alumina tubes (Pall Corp.) from an aluminum-free precursor solution containing Si02, NaOH, H2O, and template tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) by in situ hydrothermal crystallization at 453 K for 20 h (Tang et al. 2009). The resultant zeolite membrane had a thickness of 2-3 xm. The membrane surface was modified by the in situ catalytic cracking deposition of methyl-diethoxysilane (MDBS) molecules at the sites of [(tSi-0")H ] whereas MDBS vapor was carried by an equimolar H2/CO2 mixture flowing over the membrane surface at a pressure of 1.5 bar and a temperature of 723 K. 

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