With ammonia solutions

The by-products are both gaseous and the excess of thiouyl chloride (b.p. 78°) may be readily removed by distillation. Interaction of the acid chloride with ammonia solution, aniline or p-toluidiiie yields the amide, anilide or p-toluidide respectively ... 

Turn off the source of the leak and limit the spread of fluid by means of mop, dusters, rags, sand or diversion Absorb spillage and shovel into buckets, and remove to a safe place, dilute greatly with running water and/or dilute with dispersing agent and water (as with ammonia solution, ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde solution)... 

When sinomenine is heated with hydrochloric acid and the product treated with ammonia solution, Z)w-demethylsinomenylidene, (CjgH,jO,N), is formed,which crystallises from chloroform, has m.p. > 312°,... 

With increasing purity of aluminium, greater resistance to corrosion is developed. On high-purity materials, however, any pits which develop are likely to be deeper though fewer in number than those formed in more impure metal. In some special applications, notably in contact with ammonia solutions or pure water at elevated temperatures and pressures, the iron and silicon present in commercial-purity metal are beneficial and retard corrosion. Up to about 5% magnesium improves the corrosion resistance to sea-water. 

Either the Mohr titration or the adsorption indicator method may be used for the determination of chlorides in neutral solution by titration with standard 0.1M silver nitrate. If the solution is acid, neutralisation may be effected with chloride-free calcium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, or sodium hydrogencarbonate. Mineral acid may also be removed by neutralising most ofthe acid with ammonia solution and then adding an excess of ammonium acetate. Titration of the neutral solution, prepared with calcium carbonate, by the adsorption indicator method is rendered easier by the addition of 5 mL of 2 per cent dextrin solution this offsets the coagulating effect of the calcium ion. If the solution is basic, it may be neutralised with chloride-free nitric acid, using phenolphthalein as indicator. 

Determination of beryllium by precipitation with ammonia solution and subsequent ignition to beryllium oxide Discussion. Beryllium may be determined by precipitation with aqueous ammonia solution in the presence of ammonium chloride or nitrate, and subsequently igniting and weighing as the oxide BeO. The method is not entirely satisfactory owing to the gelatinous nature of the precipitate, its tendency to adhere to the sides of the vessel, and the possibility of adsorption effects. 

Beryllium is sometimes precipitated together with aluminium hydroxide, which it resembles in many respects. Separation from aluminium (and also from iron) may be effected by means of oxine. An acetic (ethanoic) acid solution containing ammonium acetate is used the aluminium and iron are precipitated as oxinates, and the beryllium in the filtrate is then precipitated with ammonia solution. Phosphate must be absent in the initial precipitation of beryllium and aluminium hydroxides. 

In the presence of interfering elements, proceed as follows. Neutralise 80-120mL of the solution containing 15-25mg of beryllium with ammonia solution until the hydroxides commence to precipitate. Re-dissolve the precipitate by the addition of a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid. Add 0.5 g of ammonium chloride and sufficient 0.5M EDTA solution to complex all the heavy elements present. Add a slight excess of dilute ammonia solution, with stirring, boil for 2-3 minutes, add a little ashless filter pulp, filter, and complete the determination as above. 

If there is any doubt concerning the purity of the potassium titanyl oxalate, standardise the solution by precipitating the titanium with ammonia solution or with cupferron solution, and igniting the precipitate to TiOz. 

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with the methoxymethyl derivative 6 to give the hydroxymethyl compound 7. The hydroxymethyl group of the latter can be removed by treatment with ammonia solution to give ethyl 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-177-1,4-diazepine-l -carboxylatc (8).31... 

On boiling the Magnus salt with ammonia solution, it is converted into the tetraammine... 

The c/s-isomer is made by reacting PtCl4- with ammonia solution (Figure 3.85). 

Sample preparation Dried greater celandine was pulverized and briefly boiled in 0.05 mol sulfuric acid. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was placed in a separating funnel and adjusted to pH 10 with ammonia solution and extracted once with chloroform. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in methanol and used as the sample solution for TLC. 

The alkaline sodium sulphite solution may be replaced by saturated amtnonlum sulphite solution prepared as follows. Pass sulphur dioxide into a mixture of 1 part of concentrated ammonia solution (sp. gr. 0-88) and two parts of crushed ice in a freezing mixture imtil the liquid smells strongly of sulphur dioxide, and then neutralise with ammonia solution. This solution slowly deposits ammonium sulphite crystals and contains about 0-25 g. of SOj per ml. Use 60 ml. of this ice-cold ammonium sulphite solution to which 8 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution are added. After the addition of the solution of p-nitrophenyldiazonium chloride, allow the mixture to stand for 1 hour in a freezing mixture, filter oft the yellow precipitate of ammonium p-nitrophenyUiydrazine disulphonate, heat it on a water bath with 20 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 70-80° for 7 minutes, cool the blood-red solution, and dissolve the resulting precipitate of p-nitrophenylhydr-azine hydrochloride and ammonium salts in water, and isolate the base as above. 

In the summer of 1972 in the Kuybyshev Collective Farm in the Krivoozersk Region, a field was fertilized with ammonia solution 14 days after treatment with polychlorpinen. Twenty-seven female collective farm workers went into the field on the following day (the 15th after treatment with polychlorpinen), and were immediately poisoned. Seven days later they were sent again to the same field, with the same result. 

The silver salt, which deflagrates on heating, explodes if moistened with fuming nitric acid [1], or with ammonia solution [2]. 

A specific sample pretreatment can be used to analyse lipids and proteins in a single paint microsample. This entails extracting proteinaceous matter with ammonia solution to... 

Add water to make up one liter, adjust to pH 4 with ammonia solution and citric acid. Sterilize by autoclaving. 

Since reaction of wood with acetic anhydride leads to the formation of acetic acid by-product, which must be removed from the wood, there has been some interest in the use of ketene gas for acetylation (Figure 4.4a). Ketene, for reaction with wood, is produced by pyrolysis of diketene. Provided that the wood contains no moisture, no acetic acid by-product is produced. However, ketene presents handling problems it is very toxic and explosive, and it also has a tendency to dimerize. A comprehensive series of studies of ketene-based acetylation has been performed in Latvia and this work has been reviewed by Morozovs etal. (2003). Hardwoods have been found to be more reactive to ketene than softwoods and the optimal temperature for reaction has been determined as 47 °C. Application of vacuum and treatment of wood with ammonia solution has been used to remove the excess ketene. The reaction of wood with liquid diketene was also studied, with a WPG of 35 % being obtained after reaction for 3 hours at 52 °C. 

Arsenic pentasulfide is prepared by precipitation from an acidic solution of orthoarsenic acid, H3ASO4, or arsenic pentachloride, AsCls or any other soluble As(V) salt by passing hydrogen sulfide. It may be also prepared by heating a mixture of arsenic and sulfur, extracting the fused mass with ammonia solution and reprecipitating arsenic pentasulfide at low temperature hy addition of HCl. 

The product ammonium fluorosihcate formed above is neutralized with ammonia solution to precipitate sflica and form more ammonium fluoride ... 

Two other refining processes are also frequently employed. One involves hydrometallurgical refining in which sulfide concentrates are leached with ammonia solution to convert the copper, nickel, and cobalt sulfides into their complex amines. Copper is precipitated from this solution upon heating. Under such conditions, the sulfide-amine mixture of nickel and cobalt are oxidized to their sulfates. The sulfates then are reduced to metalhc nickel and cobalt by heating with hydrogen at elevated temperatures under pressure. The metals are obtained in their powder form. 

Alternatively, Rb sulfate may be obtained by treating a hot solution of rubidium aluminum sulfate (rubidium alum) with ammonia solution. Aluminum hydroxide precipitates. The product mixture is fdtered. The filtrate on evaporation crystaUizes rubidium sulfate. 

Elemental composition Ag 87.08%, O 12.92%. When dissolved in dilute nitric acid, oxygen is liberated immediately, which can be measured by GC or GC/ MS (m/z 32). Acid solution may be analyzed for silver by AA, ICP, or other methods. When treated with ammonia solution, nitrogen is evolved which can be measured by GC or GC/MS (m/z 28). 

The crude tetrachloride mixture of zirconium and hafnium is dissolved in ammonium thiocyanate solution. The solution is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). MIBK is passed countercurrent to aqueous mixture of tetrachloride in the extraction column. Halhium is preferentially extracted into MIBK leaving zirconium in the aqueous phase. Simultaneously, zirconium tetrachloride oxidizes to zirconyl chloride, ZrOCb. When sulfuric acid is added to aqueous solution of zirconyl chloride, the chloride precipitates as a basic zirconium sulfate. On treatment with ammonia solution the basic sulfate is converted into zirconium hydroxide, Zr(OH)4. Zirconium hydroxide is washed, dried, and calcined to form zirconium oxide, Zr02. 

The step 7 monomer (0.61 mmol) and bis(trimethylstenyl)bithiophene (0.61) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF with gentle heating and then treated with tetrakis(triphe-nylphosphine) palladium(O) (about 10 mol% based on the total amount of reagents) and the mixture reacted at 85°C for 6 hours. The solution was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered, and the polymer isolated. It was then successively washed twice with hydrochloric acid/chloroform, twice with ammonia solution /CHC13, and twice with water/CHCl3. The polymer was then precipitated in methanol, dried, and 0.38 g of product isolated as a red polymer having an Mn of 25,000 Da. 

The checker, using 15 ml. of acetonitrile instead of 10 ml. of dichloromethane for rinsing the reaction vessel, found that no solid formed and filtration was not necessary. In this case three extractions with ammonia solution are required before addition of more ammonia fails to produce a blue color. 

Another method of preparing ethylenedinitramine (also by Franchimont and Klobbie [17]), involves the action of chloroformate on ethylenediamine and nitration with nitric acid alone (98%). Bis-urethan after nitration is hydrolysed with ammonia solution (approximately 14%) at about 90°C ... 

A Linde NaY zeolite without binder was ion exchanged in an ammonia-cal solution of PdCl2 which provides exchangeable (Pd(NH3)4)2+ cations. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hr and then filtered. The zeolite was washed with ammonia solution to eliminate Cl ions. The desired exchange level was readily obtained by allowing the zeolite to equilibrate in a solution where a suitable amount of palladium has been introduced. Chemical analysis for palladium and sodium showed the composition of the calcined sample to be Pdtf.sNaiQ.sHn.sAlfieSiiaeCW (10 wt % of Pd proton concentration determined by difference). 

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