Winter Storms

The potential for natural disaster, based on die history and knowledge of the region and eaitli structure, should be indicated in die plan. Items such as seismic fault zones and flood plains, and potentials for hurricanes and winter storms should be noted. 

The predictions for almost all communities in Canada include more violent winter storms, very high intensity rainfalls of short-duration, and extended heat waves with the accompanying increased risk of smog, wildfires, tree parasites, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. Current structural design, farming,... 

Adaptation of better Emergency Preparedness Measures (e.g., to increased incidents of wildfires near residential areas, increased heat-related illnesses, more severe summer and winter storms). 

Another type of seasonally driven export event is associated with larger diatoms (>50pm) that grow vmder nutrient- and light-limited conditions at the base of the euphotic zone. These diatoms seem to imdergo a mass settling event, called a fall dump, in response to destratification of the summer thermocline due to seasonal cooling and early winter storms. These diatoms sink rapidly and are relatively well preserved in the sediments. 

Fall bloom caused by recharge of nutrients from early winter storms and relaxation of consumption. ... 

Without hedging A winter storm is headed our way and will dump 6 inches of snow between noon and 2 00 p.m. 

With hedging A winter storm appears to be headed our way it may... 

As a result, more heat is trapped in Earth s atmosphere. According to Environment Canada, Canada s average temperature has risen by about 1°C over the last century. This is causing more frequent and more intense winter storms. 

Winter storms/blizzard Snow, ice, hail Tsunami... 

Barnes, S. B. (2002). Winter storm disasters. In D. E. Hogan J. L. Burstein (Eds.), Disaster medicine (pp. 202-211). Philadelphia Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. 

A major winter storm can be lethal. Winter storms bring ice, snow, cold temperatures, and often dangerous driving conditions. Even small amounts of snow and ice can cause severe problems for southern states where storms are infrequent (see Figure 17.5). 

Investing in preventive mitigation steps such as home winterization activities (insulating pipes, installing storm windows) will help reduce the impact of winter storms in the future. Winter storm preparation activities should include the following ... 

Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2006g). Hazards Fact sheet on winter/ice storms. Retrieved March 11, 2007 from http //www.fema.gov/hazards/winter storms/... 

Lessons learned CO exposures and poisonings were the most dramatic health concerns in the early aftermath of the ice storm. CO toxicity has been documented as a health concern following winter storms, especially during power outages. Many of the same mechanisms observed in previous outbreaks of CO poisoning (e.g., improper use of gasoline generators and fuel-powered heaters) may have played a role in Maine. 

As the temperature continued to drop, the snow turned to icy rain and snow. The sheriff issued a Level 1 snow emergency restricting roads to emergency traffic only. The grocery stores were emptied out, the gas station lines were long, and the communities of Scioto County prepared for a winter storm. 

Lomas, M. W., Lipschultz, F., Nelson, D. M., and Bates, N. R. New and export production in the subtropical open ocean before seasonal stratification. I. Pulsed nitrate inputs, biomass accumulation and enhanced particulate export in response to late-winter storms. (Deep Sea Research I, currently undergoing revision). 

My train on the way home was stopped for three days in a desert near Yermo, California. A heavy winter storm had hit the desert region of southeastern California, set off flash floods in the gullies, and washed out the train track. Buses finally arrived and took us home to Pasadena. 

Figure 4-21 shows a major low-pressure system over the Great Lakes and the eastern coast of the United States, with a cold front located to the southeast and an occluded front to the northeast. In this late winter storm system, surface winds are counterclockwise and blowing somewhat toward the center of the low, as would be expected from Fig. 4-16. By convention, the tails of the wind arrows extend in the direction from which the wind is blowing, and the barbs on the arrow tails indicate wind speed, which is generally greater for stations closer to the center of the low. The various precipitation symbols, and the filled-in or partially filled-in station circles that reflect the fraction of sky covered by clouds, show that precipitation and clouds are associated with this system, especially near the fronts. Southward, behind the cold front, clear skies and cooler temperatures prevail RH also is lower, as shown by the larger differences between temperature and dew point.

Beaches are subject to seasonal changes. The low, gentle waves of summer bring sand to a beach. During the winter, storms create higher, stronger waves that carry away sand. In the Northern Hemisphere, the most severe wave action starts in December but slows significantly by April. 

Recent publication of world fire statistics reveals that costs of fires currently runs around 1% of GDP in most advanced countries. Deaths and losses in the United States tend to be the most extreme with annual losses of lObn/year [224], The annual review performed by Munich Re of world disaster losses reveals that world-wide forest fire losses alone exceeded 5.5bn and insured losses exceeded 2.5bn during 2003. Such losses exceed the sum of all losses from volcanic eruptions, hailstones, flash floods, Tsunamis, landslides, avalanches, water drainage, frost, and local and winter storms combined (Of course the Baran earthquake, the European heat wave, floods, and severe and tropical storms individually exceeded forest fire losses, Munich Re [437],... 

During very strong instationary Baltic Sea cyclones some winter storms appear repeatedly in short time periods, or even merge one into the other. 

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