Whitening property

Excellent fluorescent whitening properties Especially good... 

Considerable knowledge on oxazoloazine chemistry has been built up over the last 15 or so years. A major emphasis has been on the preparation of compounds for biological purposes oxazolopyrimidines may be regarded as purine analogues. Oxazoloazine ring systems are also found in antibiotics and alkaloids. Fluorescent whitening properties have also stimulated interest in azine-fused oxazoles. 

Outstanding properties fluorescent whitening agent, excellent resistance to heat, exceptional whitening properties, good light fastness, low volatility ... 

In the early twentieth century, patents were taken out on certain bis-(acylamino)-stilbene disulfonic acids for use as fluorescers in stage lighting effects produced by UV light. Their optical whitening properties were not recognized at that time, and it was some time later that a patent was filed for the production, as UV absorbers, of optical whiteners from the series of 4,4 -bis-(triazinylamino)-stilbene-2,2 -disulfonic acids. " ... 

In spite of the inclusion of considerable amounts of elastomeric polymer components, the multi-layer structure is not whitened when subjected to stress and exhibits excellent clarity. This effect has never been achieved by allowing an elastomeric component to be present as a core. This tendency is most evident when lyiMA is used as the hard monomer component and BuA is used as the soft monomer component. On the other hand, in case of Bd in combination with St, it is possible to obtain a non-stress whitening property, but the clarity is poor. 

Battery cases are an important and established market for PP, in view of its excellent chemical resistance. Heterophasic copolymer with good stiffness-impact balance, high melt flow for short cycle time and good stress whitening properties is used. Flame-retardant compounds, based on soft and flexible reactor TPOs (Catalloy), are starting to replace PVC and cross-linked PE in automotive wire and cable systems. 

Extracts are used in skin-care products, especially creams and lotions for their traditional moisturizing, nourishing, and whitening properties (etic). Known for at least 2000 years for its complexion-benefiting properties, lingzhi has been demonstrated to contain a wide spectrum of bioactive chemical constituents. 

Extracts used in skin care products to minimize or counteract undesirable irritant effects of other cosmetic ingredients also used for its traditional skin-whitening properties. 

Used as a component in hair tonic liniments and in skin care formulas (e.g., acne creams) for its antimicrobial activity as well as its whitening properties. ... 

Uses Emulsifier for food processing, personal care, and industrial applies, (paints, pulp/paper, agric., metalworking, textiles, etc,) dispersant for dry coffee whiteners Properties Yel. soft solid, bland odor sol. in water sp.gr. 1.0 b.p. > 200 C (760 mm) HLB 10.5 acid no. 2 max. sapon. no, 88-98 hyd. no. 42-60 flash pt. (COC)... 

The principle of fluorescent whitening was described in 1929 (1), but the industrial use of FWAs began about 10 years later. Since that time FWAs have found increasing use in the most diverse fields (2—5). The toxicological properties of fluorescent whiteners have been summarized (6). Commercial products investigated thus fat have been found to be completely harmless. Mote than 2000 patents for FWAs exist, there ate several hundred commercial products, and approximately one hundred producers and distributors. 

Polypropylene polymers are typically modified with ethylene to obtain desirable properties for specific applications. Specifically, ethylene—propylene mbbers are introduced as a discrete phase in heterophasic copolymers to improve toughness and low temperature impact resistance (see Elastomers, ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE rubber). This is done by sequential polymerisation of homopolymer polypropylene and ethylene—propylene mbber in a multistage reactor process or by the extmsion compounding of ethylene—propylene mbber with a homopolymer. Addition of high density polyethylene, by polymerisation or compounding, is sometimes used to reduce stress whitening. In all cases, a superior balance of properties is obtained when the sise of the discrete mbber phase is approximately one micrometer. Examples of these polymers and their properties are shown in Table 2. Mineral fillers, such as talc or calcium carbonate, can be added to polypropylene to increase stiffness and high temperature properties, as shown in Table 3. 

Commercial laundries have used and continue to use sodium hypochlorite as the primary bleaching agent because of its whitening and disinfectant properties. 

Proteins. Proteias are especially significant ia imitation dairy foods with respect to nutritional and physical properties of the product (5). The relative significance of the nutritional quaUty of the proteia depends upon product type and the extent to which the product contributes to the total proteia iatake of a given population. Thus, proteia quaUty is extremely important ia imitation milk, significant ia imitation cheese, and less significant ia coffee whiteners and whipped toppiags. 

Sensory quality can be defined as texture, flavour (taste), aroma and visual aspect. The sensory properties of milk are highly influenced by its fat content (Phillips et al., 1995a). As a result, research has examined the effects of various food additives on sensory quality when used as a substitute for fat in milk (Philips et al., 1995b). Frpst et al. (2001) showed that a combination of thickener, whitener and cream aroma in 0.1% fat milk was successful in mimicking the sensory quality of 1.3% fat milk. With the interest in the production of milk enriched with cis-9, trans-l 1 CLAs, owing to their relevance to human health (Tricon et al., 2004), recent research has examined the effects of CLA on the sensory quality of dairy products and found that it is possible to produce CLA-enriched dairy products with acceptable sensory characteristics (Jones et al., 2005). 

Silica has been used both as a core and shell material. For example, monodis-persed silica spheres were coated with titania by decomposing titanyl sulfate, TiOS04, in acidic solutions at 90°C (146). The particles so produced showed good hiding power, to be useful as paper whiteners (147). Due to the uniformity of the cores and shells, the optical properties of such dispersions were predictable and reproducible, as shown in Figure 1.1.22, which compares the scattering coefficient,... 

In the thermoplastics area, precipitated calcium carbonate is principally used in PVC applications, a market with which it has been associated since the early days of the polymer. Despite some erosion by coated natural products, the combination of small particle size and fatty acid coating continues to give a unique blend of properties in both unplasticised and plasticised PVC formulations. The advantages include easier processing, better surface finish, good low temperature properties and resistance to crease whitening and to scratching. 

Li, Y. (1996) Biological properties of peroxide-containing tooth whiteners. Food chem. Toxicol., 34, 887-904... 

Sulphurous acid gas is absorhed by water and hence, in order to examine its properties in that state, it must he collected over moreury. It is colorless and transparent, having a peculiar irritating odor, and cannot be respired. It is neither combustible, nor a supporter of combustion. It possesses bleaching properties, owing to wliich it is used in the arts to whiten straw bonnets, com, silk, sponges, and other substances if a red rose be expesed to the flame of burning sulphur, it becomes completely white. 

The composition and properties of particular types of creams depend upon their intended use. Half and half, with 10 to 12% fat, is used as a coffee whitener and cereal cream. It may have additional milk solids and a stabilizer added. Usually half and half is homogenized and either pasteurized or ultrapasteurized for longer shelf life. In some countries it is sterilized. Most states in the United States require it to contain a minimum of 10.5% and a maximum of 18% milk fat. 

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