White sucker

White sucker, Catostomus commersoni northern Ontario September, 1986 copper-contaminated site (water 9.7 pg Cu/L, sediments 232 mg/kg DW) vs. reference site (2.1 pg/L water, 10 mg/kg DW sediments) ... 

White sucker, Catostomus commersonr, MATCb at 45 mg CaCOJL 1 ... 

Miller, P.A., K.R. Munkittrick, and D.G. Dixon. 1992. Relationship between concentrations of copper and zinc in water, sediment, benthic invertebrates, and tissues of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) at metal-contaminated sites. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49 978-984. 

Munkittrick, K.R., PA. Miller, D.R. Barton, and D.G. Dixon. 1991. Altered performance of white sucker populations in the Manitouwadge chain of lakes is associated with changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities as a result of copper and zinc contamination. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 21 318-326. 

Water hardness 36 mg CaC03, 75-136 pg Pb/L, lifetime exposure White sucker, Catostomus commersoni MATC 16... 

Duncan, D.A. and J.F. Klaverkamp. 1983. Tolerance and resistance to cadmium in white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) previously exposed to cadmium, mercury, zinc, or selenium. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40 128-138. 

White sucker, Catostomus commersoni muscle near smelter vs. reference site... 

Ontario, Canada summer 1991 near pulp mills white sucker, ... 

Medaka, Oryzias latipes 949 vs. 455 White sucker, Catostomus commersoni ... 

Servos, M.R., S.Y. Huestis, D.M. Whittle, GJ. Van der Kraak, and K.R. Munkittrick. 1994. Survey of receiving-water environmental impacts associated with discharges from pulp mills. 3. Polychlorinated dioxins and furans in muscle and liver of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13 1103-1115. 

Borgmann, U. and K.M. Ralph. 1986. Effects of cadmium, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol on feeding, growth, and particle-size-conversion efficiency of white sucker larvae and young common shiners. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15 473-480. 

Sediments and biota collected from the Hersey River, Michigan, in 1978, were heavily contaminated with phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene when compared to a control site. Elevated PAH concentrations were recorded in sediments, whole insect larvae, crayfish muscle, and flesh of lampreys (family Petromyzontidae), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), in that general order (Black et al. 1981). The polluted collection locale was the former site of a creosote wood preservation facility between 1902 and 1949, and, at the time of the study, received Reed City wastewater treatment plant effluent, described as an oily material with a naphthalene-like odor (Black et al. 1981). In San Francisco Bay, elevated PAH concentrations in fish livers reflected elevated sediment PAH concentrations (Stehr et al. 1997). In Chesapeake Bay, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) collected from a PAH-contaminated tributary (up to 96 mg PAHs/kg DW sediment) had elevated cytochrome P-450 and EROD activity in liver and intestine microsomes (Van Veld et al. 1990). Intestinal P-450 activity was 80 to 100 times higher in fish from highly contaminated sites than in conspecifics from reference sites intestinal EROD activity had a similar trend. Liver P-450 and EROD activity was about 8 times higher in spot from the contaminated sites when compared to the reference sites. Liver P-450 activity correlated positively with sediment PAH, but intestinal P-450 activity seemed to reflect dietary exposure (Van Veld et al. 1990). The poor correlation between hepatic concentrations of PAHs and P-4501A is attributed to the rapid metabolism of these compounds (van der Weiden et al. 1994). 

Kirby, G.M., J.R. Bend, I.R. Smith, and M.A. Hayes. 1990. The role of glutathione s-transferases in the hepatic metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) from polluted and reference sites in the Great Lakes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 95C 25-30. 

Smith, I.R., G.M. Kirby, H.W. Ferguson, and M.A. Hayes. 1993. Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and excretion in white suckers with chronic liver diseases. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 897-901. 

Toxaphene elimination rates vary between species. In rats, the half-time persistence of toxaphene (time to 50% excretion = Tb 1/2) was 1 to 3 days (USEPA 1980a). If the trend persisted, virtually all toxaphene would be eliminated in five half-lives. Elevated blood toxaphene levels in a human subject who had eaten catfish fillets containing 52 mg of toxaphene/kg dropped 67% in 11 days. By 14 days after the initial measurement, toxaphene blood levels were below analytical detection limits (USEPA 1980a). Persistence seems to be longer in some fishes. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) given a single intraperitoneal injection of 7 mg toxaphene/kg BW had a Tb 1/2 of 322 days for white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), this value was 524 days (Delorme et al. 1993). 

Delorme, P.D., D.C.G. Muir, W.L. Lockhart, K.H. Mills, and F.J. Ward. 1993. Depuration of toxaphene in lake trout and white suckers in a natural ecosystem following a single i.p. dose. Chemosphere 27 1965-1973. 

Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus White sucker, Catostomus commersoni 0.7 DW 50... 

An analysis of potential human exposure to contaminants in drinking water and foods was conducted in Ontario, Canada, in 1980. Mirex was detected only in edible fish taken from Toronto Harbor on Lake Ontario. The average mirex concentrations were 0.001 mg/kg (ppm) wet weight for white sucker, 0.01 mg/kg wet weight for rainbow trout, and 0.033 mg/kg wet weight for northern pike. Estimated human exposure levels, based on an average fish consumption of 0.53 kg/year for each fish species, were 0.0005 for white sucker, 0.0005 for rainbow trout, and 0.017 mg/year for northern pike, respectively (Davies 1990). 

LC50 (96-h) for Pteronarcella badia 610 pg/L, Atlantic salmon 134 pg/L, bluegill sunfish 460 pg/L, brown trout 138 pg/L, brook trout >800 pg/L, channel catfish 440 pg/L, lake trout 480 pg/L, longnose sucker 330 pg/L, rainbow trout 135 pg/L, white sucker 435 pg/L, yellow perch 240 pg/L (Johnson and Finley, 1980). 

LOECs (pg/g wet weight) for fathead minnows 435, channel catfish 855, lake herring 270, medaka 949, white sucker 1,220, northern pike 1,800, and zebra fish 2,000 (Elonen et al, 1997). 

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