Leiostomus xanthurus

Sediments and biota collected from the Hersey River, Michigan, in 1978, were heavily contaminated with phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene when compared to a control site. Elevated PAH concentrations were recorded in sediments, whole insect larvae, crayfish muscle, and flesh of lampreys (family Petromyzontidae), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), in that general order (Black et al. 1981). The polluted collection locale was the former site of a creosote wood preservation facility between 1902 and 1949, and, at the time of the study, received Reed City wastewater treatment plant effluent, described as an oily material with a naphthalene-like odor (Black et al. 1981). In San Francisco Bay, elevated PAH concentrations in fish livers reflected elevated sediment PAH concentrations (Stehr et al. 1997). In Chesapeake Bay, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) collected from a PAH-contaminated tributary (up to 96 mg PAHs/kg DW sediment) had elevated cytochrome P-450 and EROD activity in liver and intestine microsomes (Van Veld et al. 1990). Intestinal P-450 activity was 80 to 100 times higher in fish from highly contaminated sites than in conspecifics from reference sites intestinal EROD activity had a similar trend. Liver P-450 and EROD activity was about 8 times higher in spot from the contaminated sites when compared to the reference sites. Liver P-450 activity correlated positively with sediment PAH, but intestinal P-450 activity seemed to reflect dietary exposure (Van Veld et al. 1990). The poor correlation between hepatic concentrations of PAHs and P-4501A is attributed to the rapid metabolism of these compounds (van der Weiden et al. 1994). 

Van Veld, P.A., D.J. Westbrook, B.R. Woodin, R.C. Hale, C.L. Smith, R.J. Huggett, and JJ. Stegeman. 1990. Induced cytochrome P-450 in intestine and liver of spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated environment. Aquat. Toxicol. 17 119-132. 

Spot, (teleost) Leiostomus xanthurus 0.1 Long-term Histopathology 2... 

Spot Leiostomus xanthurus, 19-d uptake and 28-d clearance studies, Fisher et al. 1986)... 

Fisher, D.J., Clark, J.E., Roberts, Jr., M.H., Connolly, J.P., Mueller, L.H. (1986) Bioaccumulation of kepone by spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) importance of dietary accumulation and ingestion rate. Aqua. Toxicol. 9, 161-178. 

Rathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon, 627 Sand sole, Psettichthys melanostictus, 661 Yellowfin sole, Limanda aspera, 27 Spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, 658, 866 Squawfish... 

If one assumes that the basic mechanism for bioconcentration is lipid-water partitioning, one would expect that the extent of chemical uptake by fish should be proportional to its lipid content. Roberts et aL 90) showed that the uptake of chlordane by Northern redhorse suckers is directly related to the size of the lipid pool. Fish which were lean in lipid did not accumulate appreciable compound from treated food. Hansen et al. 45) found that residue levels of a PCB (Aroclor 1254) varied considerably in different tissues of pinfish Lagodon rhomboides) and spot Leiostomus xanthurus) presumably due to variation in lipid content. The PCB concentration was greatest in liver, followed in decreasing order by gills, whole fish, heart, brain, and muscle. Maximum concentration in whole spot was 3.7 X 10 times that in the test water (1 ppb). Chemicals reached plateau levels in fish after about four weeks of continuous exposure. 

Schimmel, S.C., J.M. Patrick, Jr, and J. Forester. Heptachlor Uptake, Depuration, Retention, and Metabolism by Spot Leiostomus xanthurus) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2(1) 169-178 (1976). 

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