Lake herring

Hebert, C.E., Weseloh, D.V., and Kot, L. et al. (1994). Temporal trends and sources of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Great Lakes. Herring gull egg monitoring, 19S1-1991. Environmental Science and Technology 25, 1268-1277. 

Hebert C, Nordstrom R, Weseloh DV. 1999. A quarter century of environmental surveillance the Canadian Wildhfe Service s Great Lakes Herring Gull Monitoring Program. Environ Rev 7 147-166. 

Koster, M.D., D.P. Ryckman, D.V.C. Weseloh, and J. Struger. 1996. Mercury levels in Great Lakes herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs, 1972-1992. Environ. Pollut. 93 261-270. 

TCDD concentrations in eggs of seven species after exposure as fertilized eggs to nominal concentrations of 9-285 ng 2,3,7,8-TCDD/L for up to 540 h. Lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in ng/kg FW associated with adverse effects on su rvival or growth 32 days post exposure vs. no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in ng/kg FW Lake herring, Coregonus artedi 270 vs. 175 Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas ... 

Modified from Norstrom, R.J., D.J. Hallett, F.l. Onuska, and M.E. Comba. 1980. Mirex and its degradation products in Great Lakes herring gulls. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14 860-866. 

Gilman, A.P., G.A. Fox, D.B. Peakall, S.M. Teeple, T.R. Carroll, and G.T. Haymes. 1977. Reproductive parameters and egg contaminant levels of Great Lakes herring gulls. Jour. Wildl. Manage. 41 458-468. 

LOECs (pg/g wet weight) for fathead minnows 435, channel catfish 855, lake herring 270, medaka 949, white sucker 1,220, northern pike 1,800, and zebra fish 2,000 (Elonen et al, 1997). 

Moisey J, Simon M, Wakeford B, et al. 2001. Spatial and temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers detected in Great Lakes Herring Gulls, 1981 to 2000. BFR 153-157. 

Norstrom RJ, Hallett DJ, Simon M, Mulvihill M J (1982) Analysis of Great Lakes herring gull eggs for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. In Hutzinger O (ed) Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds impact on the environment. Pergamon, New York p 173... 

Hallett DJ, Norstrom RJ (1981) 2,3,7,8-TCDD in Great Lakes herring gulls. Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service internal report... 

Fig. 7 PBDE congener patterns for the commercial penta-BDE product, nonoccupa-tionally exposed people, fishes from the Great Lakes, herring gull eggs from the Great Lakes, and air near the Great Lakes...

Norstrom, R.J., Simon, M., Moisey, J., Wakeford, B., Weseloh, D.V.C., 2002. Geographical distribution (2000) and temporal trends (1982-2000) of brominated diphenyl ethers in Great Lakes herring gull eggs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 4783 4789. 

Stow CA. 1995b. Great Lakes herring gull egg PCB concentrations indicate approximate steady-state conditions. Environ Sci Technol 29(ll) 2893-2897. 

Ciscoes (lake herring) Lake trout Whitefiah German carp Buffalo carp... 

In the La Cloche Mountain area of Ontario, 24% of lakes surveyed have no fish at all. 56% of these fishless lakes are known to have suffered a reduction in fish species composition. Small-mouth bass, walleye, white suckers, norther pike, lake trout, lake herring, perch and rock bass have been affected. 

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