Weight loss diets

The simplest nutritional role of fats in the diet is that of energy supply. There are differences between members of the same class of food materials, but the accepted convention attributes a value of 9 kcal (37.7 kJ) of energy per gram of fat, and 4 kcal (16.7 kJ) of energy per gram of all carbohydrates and proteins. This is a serious consideration in generating weight loss diets. 

Over 26,000 weight-loss diets have been published in this century. So, now, ask yourself this question. What are the chances that, let s say, number 26,571 will succeed where the 26,570 that preceded it have failed If just one of those diets actually worked, then there would be no need for new diets, would there Anyone wanting to lose weight could just adopt the successful scheme and that would be that. 

Most studies of the effects of diuretics on serum lipids have lacked a placebo control to allow identification of time-dependent or environmental changes, or have been confounded intentionally or unknowingly by life-style interventions, including weight loss, diet, and exercise (347). The argument that the effects of diuretics on lipids may limit the beneficial effect of blood pressure reduction... 

Neff, G.W., K. Rajender Reddy, F.A. Durazo, et al. 2004. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of weight loss diet supplements containing ma huang or usnic acid. /. Hepatol 41(6) 1062-1064. 

When individuals decide to go on a A t weight-loss diet, they often focus primarily... 

Eisenstein J, et al. High-protein weight-loss diets are they safe and do they work A review of the experimental and epidemiologic data. Nutr Rev. 2002 60(7 Pt l) 189-200. 

There are about 15 million estimated diabetics in the USA, half of whom have been diagnosed with the disease. More than 1.5 million diabetics are treated with injected insulin and the rest with weight loss, diet, and oral antidiabetic drugs, e.g., sulfonylureas (Tolbutamide, Tolazamide, Chloro-propamide, Glipizide, Glyburid 16). 

The recent trend of weight loss diets promotes some level of carbohydrate restriction and increased protein consumption. Some examples are Dr Atkins... 

Multivitamin-mineral supplement for people who are following a severely restricted weight-loss diet... 

Possibly the most serious nutrition problem in the United States is excessive food consumption, and many people have experimented with fad diets in the hope of losing excess weight. One of the most popular of the fad diets has been the high-protein, high-fat (low-carbohydrate) diet. The premise for such diets is tantalizing because the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (see Chapter 20) is the primary site of fat metabolism, and because glucose is usually needed to replenish intermediates in the TCA cycle, if carbohydrates are restricted in the diet, dietary fat should merely be converted to ketone bodies and excreted. This so-called diet appears to work at first because a low-carbohydrate diet results in an initial water (and weight) loss. This occurs because... 

Significant weight loss or gain (without dieting)... 

Those with type 1 diabetes mellitus produce insulin in insufficient amounts and tiierefore must have insulin supplementation to survive Type 1 diabetes usually has a rapid onset, occurs before die age of 20 years, produces more severe symptoms tiian type 2 diabetes, and is more difficult to control. Major symptoms of type 1 diabetes include hyperglycemia, polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased appetite), polyuria (increased urination), and weight loss. Treatment of type 1 diabetes is particularly difficult to control because of the lack of insulin production by die pancreas. Treatment requires a strict regimen tiiat typically includes a carefully calculated diet, planned physical activity, home glucose testing several times a day, and multiple daily insulin injections. 

Avoid alcohol, dieting, commercial weight-loss products, and strenuous exercise programs unless use or participation has been approved by the health care provider. 

Ephedrine by itself has been shown to be ineffective as a weight-loss treatment. Ephedrine combined with either caffeine or aspirin is effective. The effect appears to stem from a combination of appetite reduction and avoidance of the metabolic rate decrease usually associated with a reduced-calorie diet. 

Similarly, the number and types of tests completed will influence the cost in ways that can be very complex. Recently, the author was involved in designing a proof-of-principle study intended to assess the ability of a dietary supplement to enhance weight loss among subjects instructed to follow a reduced energy diet. Sample size calculations were run for two scenarios, the first using change in body weight as the primary outcome variable, the... 

Rice bran fiber has fructo-oligosaccharides - a pre-biotic that helps friendly bacteria to proliferate in the gastrointestinal environment and improves intestinal and colon health (Tomlin and Read, 1988). Recent studies in humans (Kahlon and Chow, 1997) have revealed that rice bran fiber not only normalizes bowel function, but also helps in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Crohn s disease, and lowers the lipid levels. Rice bran fiber has been shown to significantly reduce renal stones (Jahnen et al., 1992). It is a good source of fiber in weight loss programs and therapeutic fiber diets for diabetics and heart patients. Fiber diets prevent cancer of the colon and large bowel, control obesity and improve bowel function. 

Diet, exercise, weight loss, smoking cassation... 

Educate the patient on lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, diet, weight loss, and exercise. For patients with diabetes mellitus, tight glucose control should be emphasized. 

Patients with diarrhea should be questioned about the onset of symptoms, recent travel, diet, source of water, and medication use. Other important considerations include duration and severity of the diarrhea along with an accounting of the presence of associated abdominal pain or vomiting, blood in the stool, stool consistency, stool appearance, stool frequency, and weight loss. Although most cases of diarrhea are self-limited, infants, children, elderly persons, and immunocompromised patients are at risk for increased morbidity. 

Weight loss, initially intentional through diet and exercise, but now unintentionally excessive Type 2 diabetes, requiring insulin Gastroesophageal reflux disease... 

The Diabetes Prevention Program was a 3-year study that showed that lifestyle modifications, including exercise (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week) and moderate (5%-10%) weight loss, reduce the probability of developing DM by 58% in patients with pre-diabetes. Results from this study suggest that diet, exercise, and behavior modification are effective in preventing type 2 DM in high-risk patients.14... 

Lifestyle modifications should always be addressed in the management of ED. A healthy diet, increase in regular physical activity, and weight loss are associated with higher IIED scores and an improvement in erectile function.12 The clinician should recommend smoking cessation, reduction in excessive alcohol intake, and discontinuation of the use of illicit drugs. 

---