Weave basic types

There are many types of weaving patterns for woven fabrics and the four basic types are plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, and plain reverse Dutch weave (Svarovsky 1990) as shown in Figure 22.66. The filtration performances of the four types of weaves are shown in Table 22.13. 

There are several available weaves of woven wire. Some of these weaves lead the product to be called woven fabric. The basic types of weaves of wire cloth, which are woven for filtration purposes, are plain, twilled, plain Dutch, twilled Dutch, plain reverse Dutch, duplex (twin warp) plain Dutch, Betamesh and braided (basket of multibraid)—see Figure 8.1. 

Like cotton, there are many different linen fabrics made from the basic flax fiber. Most of these are defined only by the type of weave and the fineness of the fiber, such as cambric and damask. The word linen is usually applied only to unbleached plain weave material. Some names are applied to similar fabrics made of cotton and linen. An example of this is canvas, a plainly woven fabric of varying weight made from hard-twisted yam. Canvas may be made from hemp, cotton, jute, or flax (linen). Most fine fabrics, particularly of European or American manufacture, are made from flax. Since its invention in the 1600s, most lace has also been made of flax thread. 

Thus are the basic elements for making fabric prepared. Countless methods and structures of interworking such elements into fabric—e.g., weaving—have been developed throughout history (8). Depending on the abundance or scarcity and the type of raw material, various fabrics were developed in each geographical area to meet the need for protection against weather over time, many elaborations of the basic fabric types have been developed. 

Once dyed, the yam was ready for weaving. This step involved passing a horizontal or "weft" thread over and under alternating vertical or "warp" threads. There were various types of looms in the colonies and there were always improvements in loom technology. Basically, however, the loom was an elaborate tool that allowed the weaver to hook the weft thread over and behind warp threads faster than could possibly be done by hand. 

Textile surface structuring processes, which are basically classified as weaving, knitting, and nonwoven, vary based on their processing steps and machinery types. They are mostly dry operations and mostly consume electric energy for machine driving and air conditioning purposes. 

This is the most basic weave of all woven stractures that provides the framework for the tightest and most rigid of all single-layer filter fabrics (see Fig. 3.19). Because of the sinusoidal path that the yams follow, this weave is particularly suitable for flexible yams of the multifilament and short staple-fibre types. The weave is also ideally suited to applications where thread displacement, due for example to high internal pressures, may otherwise be experienced. 

A hybrid composite [121,122] can contain more than one type of reinforcement and/or more than one type of matrix, with the objective of improving or lowering the cost of the basic composite [123]. The second reinforcement may be a fiber (continuous or chopped), particles or whiskers. The fiber reinforcement can be in the same laminae and interspersed using any textile process such as weaving, or in different laminae, interspersing plies to obtain the desired mechanical/ physical properties. A sandwich composite is a special case which has an interlayer of a material such as A1 foil or a honeycomb. The matrix may be different for each type of reinforcement, or added to infiltrate the reinforced matrix (e.g. a thermoplastic resin such as PSU) to confer controlled viscosity in the matrix, or an elastomer (e.g. CTBN) for increased toughness. 

The weaves used to manufacmre woven 3D fabrics and preforms are considered to be 3D weaves. There are many types of 3D weaves, and their selection is determined according to the end use and performance criteria of the 3D preforms. 3D weaves are generally based on the three basic weaves (plain, twill, and satin) and are adapted using modifications, alterations, or combinations of these. 

Woven media can be called woven wire, woven fabric, wire mesh, wire cloth etc. Precision woven wire cloth is a versatile, wear-resistant filter medium which has been widely used for many years and is available in a large variety of weaves made from many metals. The most frequently used metal is stainless steel, in either type 304 or type 316. The basic difference between the two types is the addition of molybdenum to the type 316 for increased corrosion resistance. Both are otherwise 18-8 alloys, i.e. 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Acmally type 304 is 18-20% chromium and type 316 is 16-18% chromium. 

Most safety officers are familiar with the many fibers used in cut-resistant personal protection equipment (PPE). But cut protection involves more than the base material of the glove. Factors such as the type of construction (types of weave and stitches per square inch), the thickness and type of coating and the basic weight of the fabric rather than the overall glove weight all factor into the glove s performance. 

Weave wev [ME weven, Ir. OE wefan akin to OHGR weban to weave, Gk hyphainein to weave, hyphos weh] (1581) A system or pattern of intersecting warp and filling yams. There are three basic two dimensional weaves plain, twill, and satin. All other weaves are derived fi om one or more of these types. Also see Plain Weave, Twill Weave, and Satin Weave. 

The binding system, or weave, is the basic factor that determines the character of the woven fabric. There are three main types of weave (plain, twill and satin) that are used in industrial textiles, although there are many other more complex systems. The differences among the weaves depend upon the pattern formed as the weft yams are woven over or under the longitudinal warp yams. 

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