Waves of industry

Based on the above considerations, the types of reactions that are amenable to inorganic membrane reactors in the first wave of industrial implementation will probably be as follows (1) The reactions are heterogeneous catalytic reactions, particularly dehydrogenation processes (2) The reaction temperature exceeds approximately 200°C (3) When the reactions call for high-purity reactant(s) or produces) and the volume demand is relatively small, dense membrane reactors (e.g., Pd-based) can be used. On the other hand, if high productivity is critical for the process involved, porous membrane reactors are necessary to make the process economically viable. 

The link between industry and the engineering profession is as old as industry itself. The various waves of industrial revolution that have taken place since the mid-eighteenth century have all been fueled by the power of engineering. From the textile... 

The waves of industrial revolution mentioned in section 18.3 are sometimes referred to as waves of innovation and industrial development. They are also called Kondratiev waves, or K-waves. What matters for the purpose of this ehapter is not the theory of cycles and waves in industrial development, but rather the word Iimo-vation, which is common to all those historical industrial developments. Research and irmovation are directly related to and dependent on the soft skills mentioned in the previous section. Critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration are key to successful R D programs in industrial laboratories. 

In wide sectors of industry there is a growing need of inspection methods which go without liquid coupling media. The excitation of bulk and surface waves by means of air-coupled ultrasonic probes is therefore an attractive tool for NDE. This is tme e.g. for the rapid scanning of large composite structures in the aerospace industry [1]. In other cases, the use of liquid couplants is prohibitive like the thickness measurement of powder layers. 

Over the last four decades, we have witnessed waves of new technologies sweep over the pharmaceutical industry. Sometimes these technologies tended to be oversold at the beginning and turned out to not be a panacea to meet the quota of the number of new chemical entities that each company would like to launch each year. Experience has shown that computer technology so pervasive at one point in time can almost disappear 10 years later. 

Second, industrial microwave reactors will be described. Most of industrial applicators are made of rectangular wave guides. Reactants are contained within pipe or put on a simple conveyer belt. 

Union of Concerned Scientists, Pharm and industrial crops The next wave of agricultural biotechnology. 2003. Available from http //www.ucsusa.org/ food and environment/biotechnology/ page.cfm page ID =1033... 

In a number of industrial operations, there exists the possibility of contacting two different liquids—one hot and relatively nonvolatile and the other cold and more volatile. Should such an event occur, normally the more volatile liquid vaporizes and, thereby, cools the hotter liquid. In certain circumstances, however, the course of events changes dramatically, and vaporization occurs in such a brief period of time as to resemble an explosion. This explosive boiling may initiate shock waves that can damage equipment and injure personnel in the vicinity of the blast. 

The conservative Scottish textile manufacturers were slow to adapt to this new dye, and the leadership of innovation went to French textile manufacturers by default. When Empress Eugenie of France wore mauve in public, it impressed Queen Victoria to wear mauve at her daughter s wedding, so there was a wave of enthusiasm for synthetic dye. Perkin became very successful in commerce, and gave up business for chemistry research later in life. Fie was knighted in 1906, at the 50-year anniversary of his discovery, and died in 1907. Mauve had a short commercial life, as its early success led to further experimentations that produced many better dyes, particularly in Germany. This marked the beginning of the synthetic dye industry, which was the first modern chemical industry. 

Supersonic Flow and Shock Waves , Interscience, NY(196l) (3rd Printing of original 1948 edition), pp 40-8 (Characteristic curves and characteristic equations) 7) I.M. Fyfe et al, "On the Numerical Solution of the Hydrodynamic Equations , SIAM (Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematicians) Review 3(4), 298-308 (Oct 1961) (Mesh Method)... 

We are now in a cycle characterized by incremental innovation, not therapeutic breakthroughs, and it is reasonable for industry critics to question the industry on the value of its innovations. A wave of patent expiries, high failure rates of developmental products, pressure to reduce or contain healthcare inflation (prices and expenditures), and access to essential medicines in developing countries have resulted in a global environment of increasing hostility. At this point it is difficult to predict the direction in which the environment will move over the next three to five years. 

A.N. Afanasenkov, Ibid, 1970(68/25), 93—100 CA 73, 89720n(1970) [Detonation props of industrial expls, which included pressure of deton, critical pressure of initiation by shock waves and transmission distance of initiation of detonation (gap) were detd]... 

Following the success of recombinant proteins such as insulin, therapeutic mAbs today represent the second wave of innovation created by the biotechnology industry during the past 20 years. The recent success of a number of new mAb therapies, for example rituximab (Rituxan ) and infliximab (Remicade ), suggests a resurgence of the biotech industry for the coming years. For serious chronic diseases such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis, mAb therapy has indeed proven its clinical efficacy. 

Centrino refers to the mobile wireless and power management technology by Intel. Centrino allows one to connect to the Internet or a corporate network without wires or an add-on adapter card. Wireless LAN (WLAN) uses radio waves to wirelessly connect computers to each other, with ability to connect to 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.1 lg based infrastructures. It supports a wide range of industry wireless-LAN security standards. 

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