Waveguides refractive index

Figure 6. Vertical (left) and horizontal (right) magnetic field components of the quasi-TEoo mode of the rih waveguide. Refractive indexes of the substrate, the guiding layer and the superstate are 1.9, 2.2 and 1.0, respectively, the rib width and height are 1 pm and 0.5 pm, respectively, the wavelength is 1.3 pm.

Fig. 1 Chemical interaction mechanisms, basic components of the optical sensor instrumentation and their operation. Mechanisms direct measurement of chemical compounds that exhibit spectroscopic properties (1 A) and measurement of light originating from a chemical or a biological reaction in chemiluminescent or bioluminescent phenomena (IB) 2 optodes based on the interaction of indicators and labels with light, which are immobilized in a support and sensors that modify the intrinsic physical or chemical properties of a waveguide (refractive index, phase, etc.) as a result of the presence of the analyte (3A), a recognition element (35), an intermediate analyte (3C) or an indicator (3D)...

Fig. 4 Graded-index and step-index waveguide refractive index profiles...

White J.M., Heidrich P.F., Optical waveguide refractive index prefiles from measurement of mode indices A simple analysis, Appl. Opt., 15 (1), 151-155 (1976). 

Hall D.G. In-plane scattering in planar optical waveguides refractive-index fluctuations and surface roughness. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1985 2 747-752... 

Figure 2 demonstrates the principles of reflectometry and reffactometry by using a waveguide with a refractive index that is higher by n2 than that of the environment (ni). Radiation incident to an interface between media with different refractive indices is reflected in part most penetrates the medium. The radiation is reflected and refracted in dependence on the angle of incidence and the ratio of refractive indices in the two media according to Snellius law... 

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