Watt, defined

Watt defined a related phenomenon he called the Titanic effect to explain the fact that major accidents are often preceded by a belief that they cannot happen. The Titanic effect says that the magnitude of disasters decreases to the extent that people beheve that disasters are possible and plan to prevent them or to minimize their effects [204]. 

Two usehil measures of the performance of a sound-isolating constmction are sound transmission loss (TL) and noise reduction (AIR). Sound transmission loss is defined as follows, where IH is the incident sound power (Watts) on the source side of the specimen, and W is the transmitted sound power on the receiving side (7). 

Detectivity. Detector sensitivity (1,2) is expressed in terms of the minimum detectable signal power or noise equivalent power (NEP) given in units of watts or W. The reciprocal function when normalized for detector area, M, and noise bandwidth, is defined as detectivity, D, in units of /W. Thus,... 

Thermal conductivity, now denoted by the Greek letter lambda (previously known as the fc-value), defines a material s ability to transmit heat, being measured in watts per square meter of surface area for a temperature gradient of one Kelvin per unit thickness of one meter. For convenience in practice, its dimensions Wm/m K be reduced to W/mK, since thickness over area mluF cancels to 1/m. 

Power factor in an alternating current circuit is defined as the ratio of actual circuit power in watts (W) to the apparent power in voltage amperes (VA). The need for correction arises from fact that the majority of A.C. electrical loads take from the supply a lagging quadruple current (voltage amperes reactive, var) and thus operates at a lagging power factor due to the reactive (rather than capacitive) nature of their construction. 

Electrical current (I) has been chosen as the basic SI unit in terms of which all other electrical quantities are defined. Unit current, the ampere (A, or amp), is defined in terms of the force exerted between two parallel conductors in which a current of 1 amp is flowing. Since the unit of power, the watt, is the product of current and potential difference,... 

In engineering we often encounter conditionally linear systems. These were defined in Chapter 2 and it was indicated that special algorithms can be used which exploit their conditional linearity (see Bates and Watts, 1988). In general, we need to provide initial guesses only for the nonlinear parameters since the conditionally linear parameters can be obtained through linear least squares estimation. 

An ultrasonic horn has a small tip from which high intensity ultrasound is radiated. The acoustic intensity is defined as the energy passing through a unit area normal to the direction of sound propagation per unit time. Its units are watts per square meter (W/m2). It is related to the acoustic pressure amplitude (P) as follows for a plane traveling wave [1]. 

OL behavior is assessed simply by monitoring the transmission of a (usually solution) sample as a function of the incoming laser fluence measured in joules per square centimeter (rather than intensity in watts per square centimeter).22,23 Limiting thresholds Fth, defined as the incident fluence at which the actual transmittance falls to 50% of the corresponding linear transmittance, are then commonly quoted. Since excited-state absorption processes generally determine the OL properties of molecules, the excited-state structure and dynamics are often studied in detail. The laser pulse width is an important consideration in the study of OL effects. Compounds (1-5)58-62 are representative non-metal-containing compounds with especially large NLO and/or OL... 

The composition of the codeposition bath is defined not only by the concentration and type of electrolyte used for depositing the matrix metal, but also by the particle loading in suspension, the pH, the temperature, and the additives used. A variety of electrolytes have been used for the electrocodeposition process including simple metal sulfate or acidic metal sulfate baths to form a metal matrix of copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, or chromium, or their alloys. Deposition of a nickel matrix has also been conducted using a Watts bath which consists of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and boric acid, and electrolyte baths based on nickel fluoborate or nickel sulfamate. Although many of the bath chemistries used provide high current efficiency, the effect of hydrogen evolution on electrocodeposition is not discussed in the literature. 

We define the voltage responsivity of a bolometer as the change in voltage drop per watt of adsorbed signal power ... 

Where p defines the shape of the hole energy spectrum. The relaxation time x in Equation 3 is treated as a function of temperature, nonequilibrium glassy state (5), crosslink density and applied stresses instead of as an experimental constant in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function. The macroscopic (global) relaxation time x is related to that of the local state (A) by x = x = i a which results in (11)... 

Cook (Ref 17, p 271-L) defines power as "the rate of doing work , but it may also be defined as "energy divided by time , since "power multiplied by time is energy . A watt is a unit of power and watt-hour is a unit of energy... 

The IR intensity is defined as the amount of optical power emitted from a source in to unit solid angle and is expressed in watts per steradian. The IR efficiency is a product of f R intensity and burning time per gram of formulation. 

Extraction Studies. Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers were used almost exclusively in the studies reported here because of their commercial availability. All radiation exposures were accomplished with a 2 million volt, 500 watt van de GraaflE electron accelerator. Radiation doses are given in megareps, which is defined as 83.8 X 10° ergs per gram. 

Hie intensity of incident flux from light sources is in general defined in terms of power, i.e. watt per unit cross-section (watt => J s 1). Since power is energy per unit time and each photon has energy associated with it, intensity 7 can be expressed in number of quanta m-2 s-1. We have, E = nhtc and... 

Power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy (or any other form of energy) is expended. Power is measured in watts, where 1 watt is equal to 1 joule per second ... 

In the cgs system, power has the units of ergs per second in the mks system, units of joules per second lor watts) and in the English system, units of foot-pounds per second. A common engineering unit is the horsepower, defined as 550 foot-pounds per second or 33.000 footpounds per minute. The SI unit of power is the wall. I watt = I joule per second. < I joule is the work done by I newton acting through a distance of I meler.l I joule = watt-second = I07 ergs= I07 dyne-centimeters. The SI unil of force is the newton. (I newton = 10s dynes). See also entry on Units and Standards. 

RadSigma=5.6686e-6 %watt/m2-K4 Stefan-Boltzmann for radiation calculation %Define Thermodynamic Nernst Potential Temperature Dependent Parameters (this is for a specific fuel)... 

The official SI unit of power is the watt (W) which is defined as joules per second ... 

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