Powers defined

I once heard power defined as the capacity to make someone do what you want them to do even if they don t want to do it. Authority, by contrast, resides in the belief that you should do what others want you to do because they have the right to tell you to do it. Coercion is at the core of power while legitimacy is the source of authority. It follows that systems based on actual or perceived power are inherently less stable than those rooted in authority. While the teenagers I interviewed respected the authority of many adults, they often saw adult claims to legitimate authority over their lives as expressions of raw power. They regularly voiced disdain for professionals who, in their view, did not understand them, rarely helped them, treated them as incompetent, and further undermined... 

The basic electrical parameters of an electron beam processor are its acceleration voltage, the electron beam current, and the electron beam power. The ratio of electron beam power and the input electrical power defines the efficiency of an electron accelerator. The acceleration voltage determines the energy of the electrons, as pointed out in Section 2.2. 

If a difference of a stated size is present, then power defines the likelihood that we will detect it and declare the evidence statistically significant. 

A rule of thumb is that one can expect complete dispersion when the desirable gassed shaft power is greater than three times (minimum two times) the isothermal gas expansion power [defined in Eq. (15)]. A design check for adequate shaft power is absolutely necessary to avoid an undesirable flooding situation... 

The chemical description of this interaction is still to be determined. It appears that there exists some threshold solvent power (defined either by the pure carbon dioxide density or the modifier identity and concentration in a modifier/carbon dioxide mixture) at which the solvent can begin to compete successfully with a particular stationary phase for a particular solute. Whether this involves a deactivation of active sites amenable to specific solute adsorption on the silica surface or a secondary solvent effect (43) where the mobile phase interacts with the solute as well as with the adsorption surface is unknown. 

E. 3. 5) It is obvious that divided powers defined on the ideal I by the procedure of (E. 3.4) are nilpotent exactly when ir is nilpotent. In particular by choosing ir = 0 we obtain nilpotent divided powers on I. Thus we conclude our proof of (E. 3) by proving ... 

The initial objective of our work was to quantify solvent effects (particularly solvent nucleophilicity) by adapting the Grunwald-Winstein equation (2) (5). In equation 2, k is the rate of solvolysis of a substrate (RX) in any solvent relative to 80% v/v ethanol-water (k0) and Y is the solvent ionizing power defined by m = 1.000 for solvolyses of tert-butyl chloride at 25 °C. In this chapter, a discussion of equation 2 and similar free-energy relationships is presented. At the time our work began (1969), in collaboration with Schleyer, mechanisms of solvolytic reactions were close to a high in controversy (6-8). More recent mechanistic developments (9-13) are not reviewed in detail here, but increased recognition of the importance of nucleophilic solvent assistance should be noted. 

Sound power level fundamental measure of sound power defined as = 10 log P/Pq dB, where P is the RMS value of sound power in watts and Pq is 1 pwatt. 

Is power defined by those observing or by those participating/ experiencing ... 

The excess power required, because of inefficiency of the compressor, is the difference between the brake power, Wbrake. and the isentropic power, Wi niropic- These two powers define an isentropic efficiency, with the assumption that the excess power increases the enthalpy to... 

Here, k is the rate constant for reaction of a compoxmd in a particular solvent and ko is the rate constant of the compound in the reference solvent system. Y is the ionizing power of a solvent, and m is the sensitivity of the substrate to solvent ionizing power. Defining m to be 1.00 for the reaction of f-butyl chloride in methanol, the value of Y for another solvent is then calculated from equation 8.18. 

In Fig. 3.3 the performance is given in terms of D which is derived from the noise equivalent power defined in Section 3.1 by the relation... 

Thus, the multiplier to fuel equivalence for power defined in equation (3.5) in Chapter 3 can be adjusted based on i/pee... 

To compensate for the energy spread, the first stage of the two-stage acceleration field can be activated shortly after ion production or ejection from the sample. This event typically occurs in the nanosecond to low microsecond range. The method is known as time-lag focusing or delayed extraction technique. In TOF-MS equipped with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ion source, delayed extraction may improve the mass resolving power by a factor of two- to fivefold [9, 10]. Mass resolving power defines the sharpness of spectral features, which is explained in Chapter 5. 

In order for a beam to self-focus, the self-focusing force must overcome the tendency of the beam to increase in size due to diffraction. This requirement leads to the existence of a critical power defined by... 

The preconditions for the use of polymer liquid crystals in display applications are that they exhibit bulk optical properties dependent on the molecular orientation in the mesophase and that this orientation may be altered on application of an external field. In this chapter we shall be concerned with electric or optical fields only. The particular optical property, i.e. (a) the birefringence, (b) the dichroism or (c) the scattering power, defines the display construction in terms of the use of polarized (a and b) or non-polarized (b and c) light, whereas the ability to switch from one orientation to another depends on the anisotropic electric permittivity and the orientational elastic constants. The dynamics of the induced orientation will depend, additionally, on the viscosity constants of the material. 

The power, defined by the quotient of the total work output W and the total time is as. 

An alternative parameter for specifying the spectral discrimination capability of a grating, which is often used in astronomy, is the resolving power, defined as R = X/AX. The resolving power has a simple relationship to the order m and the total number of mlings on the grating N,... 

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