Voltage responsivity

Fig. 1.25. The dependence of the voltage response of detection U on concentration of propane C for Sn02 sample doped with Nb (9 weight-%) [58]...

We define the voltage responsivity of a bolometer as the change in voltage drop per watt of adsorbed signal power ... 

Time resolution of the enthalpy changes is often possible and depends on a number of experimental parameters, such as the characteristics of the transducer (oscillation frequency and relaxation time) and the acoustic transit time of the system, za, which can be defined by ra = r0/ua where r0 is the radius of the irradiated sample, and va is the speed of sound in the liquid. The observed voltage response of the transducer, V (t) is given by the convolution of the time-dependent heat source, H (t) and the instrument response function,... 

Under conditions of short laser pulses and where ra is less than the transducer response time, r0, three transducer voltage responses can be described depending on the time scale of the heat deposition, zh. 

When rh delta function, an instantaneous heat deposition, and the resultant voltage response of the transducer is simply the instrument response function, T (t). Although heat depositions cannot be time resolved in this regime, their magnitude and consequently the enthalpy... 

The voltage response of an oxygen sensor is shown in Figure 2. 

Figure 4. Transient cell voltage response when a constant current i — - -100 pA is applied at t = 0, P0i — 0.140 bar, and PEt = 0.008 bar. Conditions RC 8, i —...

Abstract Described are the synthetic routes to precisely defined molecular wires which are of discrete length and constitution. They are fully conjugated systems and are expected to have nearly linear current-voltage response curves. Their ends are functionalized with molecular alligator clips, based on chalconides and isonitriles, for adhesion between proximal probes. Both solution and solid-phase approaches have been used to prepare these molecular wires that are based on oligofthiophene ethynylene)s and oligofphe-nylene ethynylene)s. Molecular device syntheses are also described that would be expected to have nonlinear current-voltage responses. 

Figure 13.10. Calibration curves for optical sensor and Clark-type oxygen electrode. The phase response of optical sensor and the voltage response of the Clark-type electrode is plotted against percent oxygen in the gas mixture (oxygen and nitrogen) sparged. While the Clark-type electrode shows a linear calibration the optical sensor shows a Siem-Volmer lype relationship (see Section 13.10.2).

The rotating disc electrode is constructed from a solid material, usually glassy carbon, platinum or gold. It is rotated at constant speed to maintain the hydrodynamic characteristics of the electrode-solution interface. The counter electrode and reference electrode are both stationary. A slow linear potential sweep is applied and the current response registered. Both oxidation and reduction processes can be examined. The curve of current response versus electrode potential is equivalent to a polarographic wave. The plateau current is proportional to substrate concentration and also depends on the rotation speed, which governs the substrate mass transport coefficient. The current-voltage response for a reversible process follows Equation 1.17. For an irreversible process this follows Equation 1.18 where the mass transfer coefficient is proportional to the square root of the disc rotation speed. 

Figure 6.63 Resistance-to-voltage response using soft zener.

These results show that all three of the SPICE simulators were not equipped to handle simulations of this particular zener diode in its soft region. However, zener diodes are not well defined or tested in this region of operation, so it may just be that the circuit tested had a worse than average zener diode in it. To further explore this problem, the experiment was modified to put more current than the specified test current in the zener diode. The circuit with these modifications made is shown in Fig. 6.64. The measurements across the zener diode are shown in Table 6.6, and the the resistance-to-voltage response is contained in Fig. 6.65. 

Fig. 8. (a) Semi-bridge circuit with phase reverter for the compensation of the ohmic drop. From ref. 34. (b) Voltage response without compensation, (c) Voltage response with compensation. 

Figure 3.20 shows the transient voltage response at the main electrical switchboard for a commercial building due to capacitor bank switching by the utility. A moderate... 

The auto-inhibitory action of most neurotransmitters on transmitter release is mediated primarily by G0 the py-subunits of G0 interact directly with voltagegated Ca2+ channels to produce a transient reduction of their voltage-response and hence of the Ca2+ influx into the terminals following the action potential. This response is facilitated by a close association between G0, the Ca2+ channel and the receptor. 

The voltage responsivity of the detector shown in Figure 11.1 is simply derived from the pyroelectric current ip and the electrical admittance Y presented to it. Ignoring for the moment the ac conductance of the pyroelectric element ... 

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