Steroids fecal

M. J. Hill, A. J. Taylor, M. H. Thompson and R. Wait, Fecal steroids and urinary volatile phenols in four Scandinavian populations, Nutr. Cancer, 1982, 4(1), 67. 

B. S. Reddy, J. H. Weisburger and E. L. Wynder, Effect of high-risk and low-risk diets for colon carcinogenesis on fecal microflora and steroids in man, /. Nutr., 1975, 105, 878. 

USGS researchers found that at least one of these chemicals was present in more than 80 percent of the rivers and streams examined. Half of the streams had seven or more of the chemicals, and about a third contained 10 or more. The most common substances encountered were coprostanol (a fecal steroid), cholesterol, N,N-diethyl-toluamide (an insect repellent), caffeine, triclosan (a disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (a fire retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (a product of the degradation of detergents). None of the chemicals found occurred in very high concentrations. For the less common chemicals, concentrations sometimes ranged as low as less than 1... 

Fecal steroid and lipid excretion. Fiber supplements from sugar cane residue (bagasse), administered to volunteers for 12 weeks, increased stool weights and stool fat excretion. Bagasse increased the daily loss of acid steroids and decreased transit time without alteration in fecal flora. The increased excretion of bile acids and fatty acids failed to lower the plasma cholesterol and TGs after 12 weeks ". 

When radioactively labeled steroids are injected intravenously in man, most of the radioisotope is recovered in the urine within 72 hours. Neither biliary nor fecal excretion is any of quantitative importance in man [63]. 

Initial hematocrit and fecal occult blood test within 3 mo of starting regular chronic therapy repeat every 6-12 mo (more frequently in high-risk patients (>65 years, peptic ulcer disease, concurrent steroids or anticoagulants) electrolytes, creatinine, and BUN within 3 mo of starting regular chronictherapy repeat every 6-12 mo... 

There are several ways pectin could reduce serum cholesterol. In studies with human subjects, fecal excretion of bile acids, fatty acids, and total steroids increased when subjects were fed 15-40 g/day of pectin (58, 63, 64). Since pectin usually lowers serum cholesterol only when cholesterol is present in the diet, it seems that pectin might act by reducing cholesterol absorption. Several groups have found that in rats dietary... 

Imaizumi, K., Abe, K., Kuroiwa, C., and Sugano, M. 1993. Fat containing stearic acid increases fecal neutral steroid excretion and catabolism of low density lipoproteins without affecting plasma cholesterol concentration in hamsters fed a cholesterol-containing diet. J. Nutr. 123, 1693-1702. 

Kamei, M., Ohgaki, S., Kanbe, T., Niiya, I., Mizutani, H., Matsui-Yuasa, I., Otani, S., and Morita, S. 1995. Effects of highly hydrogenated soybean oil and cholesterol on plasma, liver cholesterol, and fecal steroids in rats. Lipids 30, 533-539. 

Nakamura, Y., Tsumura, Y., Tonogai, Y., and Shibata, T. 1999. Fecal steroid excretion is increased in rats by oral administration of gymnemic acids contained in Gymnema syhestre leaves. J. Nutr. 

The efficiency of steroid therapy in causing a dramatic fall in plasma bile pigment concentration in hepatitis is well known the mode of action of these drugs has not, however, been established. It appears unlikely that they have a chloretic effect (C4, Sll), and the report of Katz et al. (K1) that treatment results in a decreased excretion of fecal urobilinogen suggests that there is either a decrease in the rate of hemoglobin breakdown or that another pathway of catabolism is employed which does not involve bilirubin. 

Table XII. Fecal Steroids in Three Groups of Subjects...

Severe diarrhea that mimicked the effects expected with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, associated with changes in fecal eicosanoid content, has been reported in a 57-year-old man with non-granulo-matous enterocolitis who took mesalazine 4 g/day (61). The diarrhea resolved dramatically on withdrawal. 

Kay, R.M. and Truswell, A.S. 1977. Effect of citrus pectin on blood lipids and fecal steroid excretion in man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 30 171-175. 

Coprostanol. It is the major steroidal alcohol in the particulate phase of urban wastewaters and sediments affected by sewage pollution. It is considered a marker of fecal pollution in coastal areas, although in some specific enviromnents, which is not the case here, it may originate from other sources . 

Apart from LABs and TABs also steroids are frequently used to trace municipal sewage emissions. The ratio of naturally widespread cholesterol and coprostanol, one of the major fecal steroids, is an appropriate indicator to assess sewage contributions to the aquatic environment (e.g. Chalaux et al. 1995 Takada et al. 1997 Chan et al. 1998 Eganhouse and Sherblom 2001). This approach is also applicable on the oxidation products cholestanone and coprostanone in a similar way. 

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