Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Basile, A.G. Chiappetta, S. Tosti, and V. Violante, Experimental and simulation of both Pd and Pd/Ag for a water gas shift membrane reactor, Sep. Purif. Technol., 25,549-571, 2001. 

Criscuoli, A., A. Basile, E. Drioli, and O. Loiacono, An economic feasibility study for water gas shift membrane reactor, J. Membr. Sci., 181, 21-27, 2001. 

Killmeyer, R., K. Rothenberger, B. Howard, M. Ciocco, B. Morreale, R. Enick, and F. Bustamante, Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor Studies, Proceedings of 2003 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Annual Merit Review Meeting, Berkeley, CA, May 2003. 

J. R.H., Koukou, M.K. and Papayannakos, N. (1997) Water gas shift membrane reactor for C02 control in IGCC systems Techno-economic feasibility study. Energy Conversion and Management, 38 (9999), S159-S164. 

Membrane reactor models of various configurations, complexity, and ranges of applicability have been previously reported [Sun and Khang, 1988 Itoh and Govind, 1989 Liu et al., 1990], Several previous investigators have presented water-gas shift membrane reactor models. A model of the iron-chromium oxide catalyzed water-gas shift reaction at 673 K in a cylindrical, palladium membrane reactor was developed to demonstrate... 

Ma, D. and Lund, C.R.F. Assessing high-temperature water-gas shift membrane reactors. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 2003, 42, 711. 

Huang, J., El-Azzami, L., and Ho, W.S.W. Modeling of C02-selective water gas shift membrane reactor for fuel cell. Journal of Membrane Science, 2005, 261, 67. 

Some typical applications of the water-gas shift membrane reactor that are currently being foreseen have been very briefly mentioned in the Introduction. One specific application will be dealt with in greater detail to illustrate the assessment of the feasibility of the reactor system. 

It has been shovm that membranes can enhance the conversion of a water-gas shift membrane reactor and concurrently separate hydrogen from carbon dioxide. The efficiency of CO2 control using the membrane reactor with a H2/CO2 selectivity of 15 is significantly higher compared to a conventioncd technique (i.e. wet washing with a sorbent). It is not necessary to exceed a selectivity of approximately 40 for H2/CO2 for the process under consideration, because further increase in reactor performance seems marginal. Enlargement of the permeation is an important aspect on the other hand, so that the total surface area necessary for the full-scale application can be reduced. 

IV.C.15 Development of Novel Water-Gas-Shift Membrane Reactor... 

Louei El-Azzami and W.S. Winston Ho, Modeling of Water-Gas-Shift Membrane Reactors with a C02-Selective Membrane for Fuel Cells , AIChE Annual Meeting, Reno, NV, November 4 - 9, 2001. 

Gummalla M, Olsommer B, Gupta N, Dardas Z. Physics based simulations of water gas shift membrane reactor. 2nd Topical conference on fuel cell technology, 2003 Spring National Meeting, AIChE, March 30-April 3, 2003, pp. 249-254. 

Both theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on palladium-based membrane reactors for the water-gas shift reaction. Ma and Lund simulated the performance achievable in a high temperature water-gas shift membrane reactor using both ideal membranes and catalysts [18]. By comparing the results obtained with those related to the existing palladium membrane reactors, they concluded that better membrane materials are not needed, and that higher performances mainly depend on the development of a water-gas shift catalyst not inhibited by CO2. Marigliano et al. pointed out how the equilibrium shift conversion in membrane reactors is an increasing function of the sweep factor (defined as the ratio between the flow rate of the sweep at the permeate side and the flow rate of CO at the reaction side) [19]. The ratio is an index of the extractive capacity of the system. 

K. Ramasubramanian, M. Song, W. S. W. Ho, Spiral-wound water-gas-shift membrane reactor for hydrogen purification, bid. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (2013) 8829-8842. 

A. Lotric, M. Sevavcnik, S. C. Kunze, H. Spliethoff, Simulation of water-gas shift membrane reactor for integrated gasification combined cycle plant with CO2 capture, J. Mech. Eng. 57 (2011)911-926. 

M. Falcoa, V. Piemontea, A. Basile, Perframance assessment of water gas shift membrane reactors by a two-dimensional model, in Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, Singapore, 2012, pp. 611-614. 

Bracht M, Alderliesten PT, Kloster R, Piuschek R, Haupt G, Xue E, Ross JRH, Koukou MK, Papayannakos N (1996) Water gas shift membrane reactor for CO2 control in IGCC systems techno-economic feasibility study. Energy Convers 38 S159-164... 

Battersby S, Smart S, Ladewig B, Liu S, Duke MC, Rudolph V, Diniz da Costa JC (2009) Hydrothermal stability of cobalt silica membranes in a water gas shift membrane reactor. Sep Purif Technol 66 299-305... 

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