Waste selection factors considered

Site Selection Factors that must be considered in evaluating potential solid-waste-disposal sites are summarized in Table 25-71. Final selection of a disposal site usually is based on the results of a preliminary site survey, results of engineering design and cost studies, and an environmental-impact assessment. 

Site Selection Factors that must be considered in evaluating potential sites for the disposal of hazardous waste are covered in state and federal regulations. In Cahfornia, landfills where hazardous wastes can be received are referred to as Class I disposal sites. To quahfy as a Class I site, it must be shown that ... 

A third emission reduction choice is to remain with the existing front end process, which continues to produce a sulfur dioxide-containing waste gas stream, and move to some system which can effectively remove the sulfur dioxide from this waste gas before it is discharged. Many methods are available, each with features which may make one more attractive than the others for the specific sulfur dioxide removal requirements (Table 3.8). Some of the selection factors to be considered are the waste gas volumes and sulfur dioxide concentrations which have to be treated and the degree of sulfur dioxide removal required. It should be remembered that the trend is toward a continued decrease in allowable discharges. The type of sulfur dioxide capture product which is produced by the process and the overall cost are also factors. Any by-product credit which may be available to offset process costs could also influence the decision. Finally, the type of treated gas discharge required for the operation (i.e., warm or ambient temperature, moist or dry, etc.), also has to be taken into account. Chemical details of the processes of Table 3.8 are outlined below. 

Finally, the determination of the heat stabilizer, as an important point in the analysis of PVC waste, is particularly considered. The selection of a stabilizer system for PVC depends on many factors including application, tradition of... 

Hydrothermal Synthesis Systems. Of the unit operations depicted in Figure 1, the pressurized sections from reactor inlet to pressure letdown ate key to hydrothermal process design. In consideration of scale-up of a hydrothermal process for high performance materials, several criteria must be considered. First, the mode of operation, which can be either continuous, semicontinuous, or batch, must be determined. Factors to consider ate the operating conditions, the manufacturing demand, the composition of the product mix (single or multiple products), the amount of waste that can be tolerated, and the materials of constmction requirements. Criteria for the selection of hydrothermal reactor design maybe summarized as... 

Factors that may be considered in selecting a tier include the physical characteristics of the facility and surrounding terrain, the anticipated waste compositions and feed rates, and the level of resources available for conducting the analysis. The main distinction between the tiers is the focal... 

Selection of a suitable method for silver removal depends on many factors what processes the company uses, what volume of wastes the company produces, what kind of training and technical knowledge the company s personnel has, whether the company wants to reuse the company s fixer or bleach-fix, how much the company wants to spend for recovery equipment, and what the environmental concerns are, such as how strict the effluent discharge limits are. Just considering these factors makes choosing a silver recovery method very much an individual decision for each company. 

Once the waste stream has been characterized, it is possible to select the proper materials of construction for waste treatment facility. Proper selection will prevent the waste collection and treatment systems from corroding, eroding, and/or falling apart when exposed to the waste stream. When selecting materials for the waste treatment system, one must consider an array of factors such as cost, ease of maintenance, replacement, and chemical compatibility for future potential chemical usage. It is in the best interest of the waste system design engineers, to the best of their ability, to select the proper materials of construction. 

A variety of factors and methods were used to evaluate and rank the twelve options. For example, the study team considered the reduction in relative risk to human health achieved by different options. Generally, an option s effectiveness in reducing health risks was evaluated by calculating its effect on exposure to benzene emissions. The study team selected benzene emissions as an indicator because benzene can be found in all waste media (air, water, groundwater, and surface water) and poses a known threat to human health. 

In selecting a particular physical, chemical, and biological method of treatment, the economic feasibility of the method is an important factor as well. The cost of treatment procedure and the amount of the waste to be treated is also a strong factor. Moreover, the on-site and off-site treatments should also be considered in determining the cost of the... 

At present, waste and soil samples primarily are analysed and evaluated by means of physical and chemical analysis. This also depends on the fact that it is difficult to draw a general but comprehensive picture of the ecosystem, which may be endangered. Toxic effects of substances, abiotic factors and effects resulting from interactions of various substances and materials present in solid samples have to be considered. A species spectrum has to be selected for effect estimation that is representative of ecological functions and trophic levels, as well as for the route or routes of exposure. 

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