Waste minimization case studies

Waste Minimization Case Studies, The Waste Consultant, pp. 1-19-1-25 (Nov.-Dee. 1989). 

Additionally, the EPA pubhshes a newsletter entitled Pollution Prevention News that contains information including EPA news, technologies, program updates, and case studies. The EPA s Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratoiy and the Center for Environmental Research Information has pubhshed several guidance documents, developed in cooperation with the California Department of Health Services. The manuals supplement generic waste reduction information presented in the EPA s Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual (Ref. 9). 

Lorton, G.A. Fromm, C.H. and Meltzer, M.P. 1988 (draft). Waste Minimization Assessment Report Case Study of Minimization of Stretford Solution Purge at an Oil Refinery. Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc Prepared for EPA Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 

Case Studies of Corrosive and Heavy Metal Waste Minimization Audit at a Specialty Steel Manufacturing Complex, (NTIS PB83-107180/GAR). 

Case Studies of Minimization of Solvent Waste from Parts Cleaning and from Electronic Capacitor Manufacturing Operations, (NTIS PBB7-227D1 J). 

Handbook of Green Chemistry and Technology, J. H. Clark and D. J. Macquarrie, Eds., Blackwell Publishing 2002, 540 pp., ISBN 0-632-05715-7. This collection of 22 review essays covers all the important areas of green chemistry, including environmental impact and life-cycle analysis, waste minimization, catalysts and their industrial applications, new synthesis methods, dean energy, and novel solvent systems. The chapters are well referenced and contain pertinent examples and case studies. 

M. Drabkin and E. Rissmann, Waste Minimization Audit Report Case Studies of Minimization of Mercury-bearing Wastes at a Mercury Cell Chloralkali Plant, Haz. Waste Eng. Res. Lab., Office of Res. and Deveh, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1988. 

CASE STUDY 2 WASTE MINIMIZATION ASSESSMENT AT CLIENT COMPANY... 

Waste Minimization Audit Report Case Studies of Minimization of Solvent Wastes and Electroplating Wastes at a DOD Installation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988, EPA/600/S2-88/010. 

The case study presented in this section, has been released in the petroleum field. This apphcation involves a decision problem faced during the definition of a global management plan for the TOTAL TUNISIA company which is certified in qualify, security and environment management systems. Due to the lack of space we will only consider three objectives (0 Gain market share by providing superior all-round service to the customer, O2 Minimize the environmental waste and O3 Increase safety staff) and two risks R A major fire and explosion on tanker truck carrying hydrocarbon and R2 A fire in container). 

The objective of this paper is applying the multi-objective based analysis for the process synthesis with wastes minimization. A step-by-step systematic approach is proposed to ensure the reduction or elimination of the conflicts with regards to the waste handling and multi-objective synthesis. The pollution prevention alternatives are identified and the superstructure aimed at wastes minimization is formulated for the further mathematical optimisation. A case study, air-based direct oxidation process for the production of ethylene oxide, is presented for the illustration of the proposed approach. 

Nunno, T., Palmer, S., Arienti, M., Brenton, M., Waste Minimization in the Printed Circuit Board Industry Case Studies, Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA, forU. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratoiy, (1988)... 

Journal of Environmental Systems (0047-2433) (1541-3802). This journal includes articles that range from case studies of particular environmental/energy/waste problems or technologies, to assessments of overall environmental system (or cost, risk, energy) impacts, to broad discussions of issues of theory, methodology, and policy. The emphasis is on practical environmental problems, such as recycling and waste minimization. 

Pollution Prevention Case Studies - The case studies collection contains information on alternative processes, materials and management practices for pollution prevention and hazardous waste minimization. 

To obtain the mass emissions of pollutants from e-waste recycling processes, it is essential that the inputs of pollutants are truly e-waste related. To fulfill this requirement, a causal analysis is desirable. However, the concept of causation is rather problematic because causal mechanisms are complex [26]. Nonetheless, we are compelled to identify causes, in an attempt to minimize the uncertainties associated with our estimates. In this chapter, the strict empiricist, David Hume s empirical criterion, was adopted. This approach requires only a combination of (1) e-waste processing and environmental pollution are associated in space and time (contiguity) (2) e-waste processing precede to environmental pollution (temporal succession) and (3) e-waste processing is always conjoined with environmental pollution (consistent conjunction). These are always the cases judged from a number of previous studies [6, 27-35]. 

As an extraction technique, SFE proved to give comparable recoveries to those of Soxhlet extraction. In all cases, SFE dramatically shortened extraction times and minimized most environmental hazards, solvent concentration steps, and waste disposal costs. A summary of this comparison is included as Table XII and is a projected cost comparison of SFE to Soxhlet extraction, based on our experiences with the SFE system used in these studies (Isco SFE System 1200). The projected cost per extraction was determined to be 15.85(SFE) vs. 22.60(Soxhlet). 

Prior to a field study, enough untreated control material should be provided to allow the lab to develop and validate adequate analytical methods. The control material should match the test samples as closely as possible to minimize the matrix variations which might affect the performance of the method. Development and validation of a method using a matrix which does not closely resemble the actual test matrix frequently results in a method which is not adequate for the actual study samples. The method revisions required in such a case represent a clear waste of... 

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