Waste Facility salt

This series of prohibitions restricts how wastes subject to LDR requirements are handled. The most visible aspect of the LDR program is the disposal prohibition, which includes treatment standards, variances, alternative treatment standards (ATSs), and notification requirements. Land disposal means placement in or on the land, except in a corrective action unit, and includes, but is not limited to, placement in a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land treatment facility, salt dome formation, salt bed formation, underground mine or cave, or placement in a concrete vault, or bunker intended for disposal purposes. The other two components work in tandem with the disposal prohibition to guide the regulated community in proper hazardous waste management. The dilution prohibition ensures that wastes are properly treated, and the storage prohibition ensures that waste will not be stored indefinitely to avoid treatment. 

Currently, there is much variability in the United States in establishing treatment standards for PAHs in soil and groundwater. For example, Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) govern the placement of materials destined for any land disposal including landfill, surface impoundments, waste pits, injection wells, land treatment facilities, salt domes, underground mines or caves, and vaults or bunkers. Accordingly, treatment standards for all listed and characteristic hazardous wastes destined for land disposal have been defined (U.S. EPA, 1991) These values thus represent one potential set of treatment standards for PAHs. However, for PAHs,... 

UDEQ (Utah Department of Environmental Quality). 2004. Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Hazardous Waste Permit. Salt Lake City, Utah Utah Department of Environmental Quality. 

One technique used in a number of facilities that utilize molten salt for metal surface treatment prior to pickling is to take advantage of the alkaline values generated in the molten salt bath in treating other wastes generated in the plant. When the bath is determined to be spent, it is in many instances manifested, hauled off-site, and land disposed. One technique is to take the solidified spent molten salt (molten salt is sold at ambient temperatures) and circulate acidic wastes generated in the facility over the material prior to entry into the waste treatment system. This in effect neutralizes the acid wastes and eliminates the requirements of manifesting and land disposal. 

The pesticide industry generates many concentrated wastes that are considered hazardous wastes. These wastes must be detoxified, pretreated, or disposed of safely in approved facilities. Incineration is a common waste destruction method. Deep well injection is a common disposal method. Other technologies such as wet air oxidation, solvent extraction, molten-salt combustion, and microwave plasma destmction have been investigated for pesticide waste applications. 

Waste streams with a high chlorine content require dilution before processing to limit corrosion of the vessel. Due to the 10% by weight solids limitation, there is an inherent large dilution ratio required for solid materials. No SGPV facilities are recommended in salt domes or in areas where the vessel will cross a seismic fault line. 

In 1999, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) prepared a cost estimate for PET treatment of salt wastes containing heavy metals and organics. The estimate compared PET treatment with the current baseline (cement encapsulation). It is assumed that waste loading for the cement system would be 10%, while the PET system would allow for a 30% waste loading. An analysis of operations and maintenance for the PET system was not performed. It was assumed that the basic mixing apparatus and extruder could be purchased off the shelf and that facility requirements would be similar for the two options (D20937K, p. 12). 

Contact-handled TRU waste disposal will occupy a horizon about 2,100 feet deep while experiments with HLW and all heat producing TRU will be emplaced in a purer salt horizon 2,600 feet below the surface. WIPP II would require a smaller surface and underground facility since the large volume of existing defense HLW need not be accommodated. The... 

Salt produced in the evaporator/crystallizer is sent to a suitable hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility. The clean ton containers and various metal parts exiting the TCC are sent to the Rock Island Arsenal for... 

A SETFICS countercurrent hot test was recently conducted with high loading of salt-free flowsheet (in order to reduce the solvent volume and the amount of waste stream by 50%) in the JAEA Chemical Process Facility (CPF) as part of the feasibility demonstration of the NEXT process. The solvent consisted of CMPO and TBP,... 

Defense transuranic waste sent to the WIPP facility is emplaced in a bedded-salt formation located far below ground. Thus, the WIPP facility is similar to a geologic repository for spent fuel and high-level waste in its expected waste-isolation capabilities. 

DOE intends to dispose of its mixed defense transuranic waste at WIPP. This facility is located hundreds of meters underground in a bedded salt formation, which clearly is much more isolating and protective than the near-surface facilities in which most RCRA hazardous waste is currently emplaced. Nonetheless, the... 

In 2001, the SRS announced its choice of CSSX as the baseline cesium-removal technology over small-tank precipitation (a small-scale version of the ITP process) and ion exchange with CST for its Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) to go into operation in 2010 [22], An optimized solvent system, model, and flowsheet were developed and demonstrated in 2001 and 2002 [37,49], and a modular concept was developed by ORNL in 2003 [68], Thus, the past decade has seen the emergence and maturation of a powerful new technology based on a macrocyclic cation receptor designed to function in solvent extraction to meet the critical need of the USDOE for a means of cleanly separating Cs from alkaline tank waste. 

Figure 3. CSSX baseline solvent for the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) application at the Savannah River Site (SRS) [49],...

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