Destruction of waste

Abstract The destruction of waste transformer oil contaminated with some toxic... 

The control and treatment system in this plant mainly relies on the chemical destruction of waste rather than biological processes. The plant generates a raw waste load as high as 400,000 lb BOD/day. From 1973 to 1974, the company reported a total waste flow of 3.5-4.3 MGD containing a BOD of 1710-1960 Ib/day, COD of 3700-4000 Ib/day, and TSS of 1040-1250 Ib/day. The treatment system included the following units ... 

Relatively low-cost destruction of wastes at varying concentrations. 

Superheated and supercritical water are used in several applications. Supercritical water is most often used in the destruction of organic wastes, including some chemical warfare agents, as an alternative to incineration (Katritzky et al., 1996 Sherman et al., 1998). Recent reports describe the use of both forms as a solvent and as a reactant in synthetic chemistry (Katritzky et al., 1996 An et al., 1997). Some of the reactions investigated include metal-mediated alkyne cyclizations, Pd-catalyzed al-kene arylations, aldol reactions, the Fischer indole synthesis, and hydrolysis reactions. Waterborne coatings and the destruction of wastes in supercritical water are fully... 

The color should be between standards of pH 6.9 and 7.1. However, some plant practices permit a pH of 7.8 Destruction of Waste NG... 

Tetryl combines with an excess of sodium sulphide to form a 13% solution. Even at room temperature the nitro groups are reduced with the formation of a non-explosive substance. This reaction is exploited for the destruction of waste tetryl. 

The steps in waste destruction are (/) heatup of the waste to its boiling point, (2) vaporization of the waste droplets, (P) heatup of any waste residue to combustion temperature, and (4) destruction by combustion reaction. Destruction of waste species volatilized during the first three steps can begin the moment a species becomes gaseous, because sensible heating of volatilized components is extremely rapid, and need not be considered as a separate step. 

In the presence of an excess of peroxide, the Fe2+ concentration is small compared with that of Fe3+, because Fe2+ is quickly oxidized to Fe3+ (in seconds or minutes) [53]. It is believed that the destruction of wastes by the... 

Five separate destruction technologies were tested for the destruction of waste HMX and PBX high explosives (HE). Since incineration is the baseline technology, a series of tests was conducted at a commercial two-stage, fixed-hearth incinerator. Destruction by molten salt injection was tested at LLNL. The last three destruction techniques are based on a base hydrolysis (BH) explosive pretreatment to produce a nonexplosive solution for further treatment. Three secondary treatments for BH were tested, including hydrothermal, biodegradation, and thermal decomposition. BH and hydrothermal techniques were tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and LLNL tested biological and thermal decomposition. 

National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, "Destruction of Waste Energetic Material Using Base Hydrolysis," Proceedings of the 1993 Incineration Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (May 3-7, 1993). 

Cleanup technologies have been proposed for on-site and/or off-site destruction of pesticide wastes (4.) - The most reliable technologies focus on detoxification of liquid wastes. Destruction of wastes in soil is more difficult and expensive, especially for small businesses and individual homeowners. 

On December 15, 1983, EPA issued a "national dioxin strategy" for investigating, identifying, and cleaning up sites contaminated by dioxin (1). Within the framework of this strategy was a plan that called for research to be conducted on the technical feasibility and economics of alternative methods for disposal and destruction of wastes and soils contaminated by dioxin. 

The primary purpose of the test facility is to have equipment capable of creating surrogate waste streams similar to those commonly encountered in industry and destroy them under controlled conditions with adequate instrumentation to quantify parameters that affect the process. Destruction of waste streams is achieved by proper mixing, sufficient temperature, and adequate residence time in the TO. These parameters are often referred to as the three T s of combustion time, temperature, and turbulence. In addition to waste destruction, the effects of the three T s on other parameters such as CO and NO emissions can also be carefully studied in a test facility. A schematic of a horizontal thermal oxidizer is shown in Figure 33.1. 

Since TO combustion chamber walls are hot, to maximize the destruction of wastes, some NO reduction technologies that have been developed for burners in processes wifh cooled walls are not effective with TO burners. The technology employed in cooled wall... 

Destruction of wastes containing petroleum substances — biodegradation of these substances in surface and wastewaters from the petrochemical industry and in the soil. 

Earlier editions of this book were optimistic that small laboratory incinerator systems would be developed for efficient destruction of waste at the point of... 

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