Cesium removal

Behrens, E. A., Sylvester, P., Clearfield, A., Assessment of a Sodium Monotitanate and Pharmacosiderite-Type Ion Exchangers for Strontium and Cesium Removal from DOE Waste Simulants, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 101-107 (1998). 

Process pH, sodium, calcium, and nitrate concentrations, plugging of the ion exchange column, lot variance, and the presence of binders can affect process efficiency. lonsiv IE-911 does not remove anionic radioactive ions such as technetium. The resins are designed for one-time use and must be replaced when loaded. The waste acceptance criteria at the resin disposal facility may limit the loading of the CST resin. Size constraints of the cesium removal system (CRS) may limit system flow rates. 

TABLE 1 Cost Estimate for Treatment of Supernatant at the Oak Ridge Reservation Using the Cesium Removal System... 

Dozol, J.F., Simon, N., Lamare, V. et al. 1999. A solution for cesium removal from high-salinity acidic or alkaline liquid waste The crown calyx[41arene. Sep. Sci. Technol. 34 (6-7) 877-909. 

Delmau, L.H., Bonnesen, P.V., Moyer, B.A. 2004. A solution to stripping problems caused by organophilic anion impurities in crown-ether based solvent extraction systems A case study of cesium removal from radioactive wastes. Hydrometallurgy 72 (1-2) 9-19. 

Z. Asfari, C. Bressot, J. Vicens, C. Hill, J.-F. Dozol, H. Rouquette, S. Eymard, V. Lamare and B. Tournois, Cesium Removal from Nuclear Waste Water by Supported Liquid Membranes Containing Calix-bis-brown Compounds, in ACS Symposium Series 642 (Anaheim CA, April 2-6, 1995), eds. R. A. Bartsch and J. D. Way, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Editon edn., 1996, pp. 376-390. 

Leonard, R. A., C. Conner, M. W. Liberatore, et al. 1999. Evaluation of an Alkaline-Side Solvent Extraction Process for Cesium Removal from SRS Tank Waste Using Laboratory-Scale Centrifugal Contactors. Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL-99/14, Argonne, IL. 

Walker, D. D., M. A. Norato, S. G. Campbell, et al. 2005. Cesium Removal from Savannah River Site Radioactive Waste using the Caustic-side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process. Sep. Sci. Technol. 40(1-3), 297-309. 

In 2001, the SRS announced its choice of CSSX as the baseline cesium-removal technology over small-tank precipitation (a small-scale version of the ITP process) and ion exchange with CST for its Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) to go into operation in 2010 [22], An optimized solvent system, model, and flowsheet were developed and demonstrated in 2001 and 2002 [37,49], and a modular concept was developed by ORNL in 2003 [68], Thus, the past decade has seen the emergence and maturation of a powerful new technology based on a macrocyclic cation receptor designed to function in solvent extraction to meet the critical need of the USDOE for a means of cleanly separating Cs from alkaline tank waste. 

Delmau, L. H., Bonnesen, P. V., and Moyer, B. A. A Solution to Stripping Problems Caused by Organophilic Anion Impurities in Crown-Ether Based Solvent Extraction Systems, A Case Study of Cesium Removal from Radioactive Wastes, Hydrometallurgy 72(1,2) (2004), 9-19. 

Leonard, R. A., Aase, S. B., Arafat, H. A., Chamberlain, D. B., Conner, C., Regalbuto, M. C., and Vandegrift, G. F. Multi-day Test of the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Flowsheet for Cesium Removal from a Simulated SRS Tank Waste, Report ANL-02/11, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, January 15, 2002. 

Complex transition metal ferrocyanide salts can be produced in crystalline and powdered forms and possess a very high selectivity for cesium in solutions having high salt concentrations. Potassium cobalt cyanoferrate (II) and sodium copper cyanoferrate (II) have been identified as useful reagents for cesium removal from radioactive waste streams and other cyanoferrates are capable of separating Cs from Rb and from a fission product mixture. 

Cesium Removal from Nuclear Waste Water by Supported Liquid Membranes Containing Calix-bis-crown Compounds... 

ASFARIET AL. Cesium Removal from Nudear Waste Water... 

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