Vomiting codeine

Use of codeine may result in respiratory depression, euphoria, light-headedness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, and hypersensitivity reactions. The more common adverse reactions associated with the antitussives are listed in the Summary Drug Table Antitussive, Mucolytic, and Expectorant Drugs. When used as directed, nonprescription cough medicines containing two or more ingredients have few adverse reactions. However, those that contain an antihistamine may cause drowsiness. 

As with all drugs, codeine has some undesirable effects in addition to its therapeutic effects. At the usual cough suppressing doses (see below), codeine may cause nausea—the medical term for upset stomach accompanied by the sensation of queasiness— which makes you feel as if you are about to regurgitate (vomit, or throw up ). Codeine may cause vomiting... 

It is dextro isomer of propoxyphene which is an analgesic and possesses antitussive property. It has low analgesic activity even half of codeine. It is metabolized in Uver. Side effects include vomiting, epigastric distress and sedation. The demethylated metabolite of propoxyphene is cardiotoxic. It is used in the treatment of mild type of pain. 

A9-THC is marketed as marinol or dronabinol for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in Australia, Canada, Israel, South Africa and the USA. It was granted orphan drug status in the US for the stimulation of appetite and prevention of weight loss in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AIDS. A9-THC is in phase I trials for spasticity, multiple sclerosis and postoperative pain. Several small clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of A9-THC as an analgesic, with doses of 15 to 20 mg being comparable to 60 to 120 mg of codeine (Williamson and Evans, 2000). 

Adverse reactions to dextropropoxyphene include nausea, vomiting, sedation, dizziness, constipation, and skin rash, with a frequency of incidence somewhat less than that seen with codeine use. Although respiratory depression is a cardinal sign of acute dextropropoxyphene poisoning, the drug apparently does not affect respiration in the usual therapeutic doses of 32 to 65 mg. 

CYP2E1 Gene duplication Increased activity Codeine, dolasteron Increased sedation, vomiting... 

In potency, pethidine is graded between codeine and morphine (50-100 mg is equivalent to 10 mg morphine in man),(2) and it is useful for the management of mild to moderate pain, especially in patients intolerant to opioids. Its toxicity is relatively low and its duration of action is somewhat shorter than that of morphine. At equivalent dosage, pethidine is at least as depressant as morphine upon respiration and while morphinelike side effects such as nausea and vomiting frequently occur, it produces little disturbance of urinary function or bowel action. It is extensively used for the relief of labor pain even though it increases the incidence of delay on the first breath and cry of the neonate (3) several critical reports on the efficacy of the drug in obstetrics have been made.(4) Tolerance to pethidine develops slowly, and its dependence liability is claimed to be lower than that of morphine.(5) Full accounts of the clinical use of pethidine are available.(4,6)... 

A 43-year-old man was admitted to hospital suffering halluoinations. He had fallen off his bike, fraotured a bone in his shoulder, and was presoribed one to two tablets of Tylenol (paracetamol plus codeine) every four to six hours for two days. He oontinued to suffer occasional hallucinations and vomiting and from jaundice. Once in hospital liver function tests on his blood indioated that he had liver damage. He died in a hepatic coma thirty hours after being admitted to hospital. It was later revealed by relatives that the patient had also treated himself with nine Tylenol tablets plus ten tablets of another preparation after the bicycle accident. Another important factor was that he regularly drank half a case (twelve bottles) of beer each day. ... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion. Mutation data reported. Use may lead to habituation and addiction. A narcotic, sedative, analgesic, and hypnotic. Source of morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine, etc. Can cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, and respiratory problems. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame, See also MORPHINE. 

When tramadol was compared with codeine in 65 patients undergoing elective intracranial surgery, there was a significantly higher incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and sedation with tramadol 75 mg (7). The patients given codeine had significantly lower pain scores over the first 48 hours postoperatively. 

In mild to moderate postoperative pain, rectal tramadol has been compared with standard treatment with co-codamol (paracetamol plus codeine) suppositories in 40 patients who were given either tramadol 100 mg suppositories 6-hourly or 1000/20 mg of co-codamol 6-hourly (43). Nausea and vomiting were significantly more frequent with tramadol (84%) than with co-codamol (31%). 

PE On physical examination, her vital signs are T 37.6°C, BP 128/82 mm Hg, HR 84 beats/min, and RR 18 breaths/min. The pain is described as a chronic 9/10. Her current pain regimen includes oxycodone 10-20 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed (prn) for pain (about 100 mg/day) and hydromorphone 0.8-1.2 mg IV every 1 to 2 hours prn for breakthrough pain (about 8 mg/day). Allergies (ALL) Morphine (itching, flushing), codeine (nausea, vomiting), meperidine (involuntary leg movements, and facial tics). 

Prometh with codeine syrup 10 mg codeine phosphate and 6.25 mg promethazine hydrochloride) Promethazine competitively antagonizes histamine at H,-receptor sites and prodnces sedative as well as antiemetic effects. Codeine stimnlates opiate receptors in the CNS in addition to cansing respiratory depression, peripheral vasodilation, inhibition of intestinal peristalsis, stimulation of the chemoreceptors that cause vomiting, increased bladder tone, and suppression of cough. They are indicated in the temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory tract symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold. 

Codeine is chiefly metabolized in the liver where it imdergoes o-demethylation, N-demethylation and partial conjugation with glycuronic acid. It is mostly excreted in the urine as narcodeine and morphine (both as its free and conjugated form). It is found to be less apt than morphine to produce nausea, vomitting, constipation and miosis. It also causes addiction liabilities resulting into enhanced tolerance limits. 

Age The popularity of codeine in pediatric anesthesia has been questioned [67 ]. Codeine is associated with a number of adverse events—constipation, nausea and vomiting, euphoria, itching, dry mouth, drowsiness, meiosis, urinary retention, hypotension, and respiratory depression. Intravenous codeine can cause profound hypotension and tonic-clonic seizures. It should be avoided in breast feeding. Using codeine concomitantly with other drugs, such as antitussives, can result in serious harm. Despite such evidence, codeine remains a popular choice. 

Continuous morphine infusion was administered to 37 children and paracetamol- -codeine (co-codamol) to 34 children undergoing either cranial reconstruction or craniotomy for intradural pathology [138. Both groups achieved adequate pain control. There were no serious adverse events and no differences in other adverse events, except for nausea and vomiting, which were more common in those who received morphine. 

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