Vat pigment

A number of vat dyes developed originally for textile applications are suitable, after conversion into an appropriate pigmentary physical form, for use in many paint and plastics applications. Examples of these so-called vat pigments include the anthraquinones, Indanthrone Blue (215, C. I. Pigment Blue 60) and Flavanthrone Yellow (216, C. I. Pigment... 

Dye migration inhibitor for overcoming the movement of dyes on fabric during drying in the Pad-Thermasol Process. Additions of THERMACOL AM to the pad liquor when dyeing polyester and cotton/polyester with disperse dyes and vat pigments will minimise centre to selvedge and back to face variations. 

DANSPERSE N is an excellent dispersant for dyes which are applied to yarns or fabrics in the form of a dispersion such as disperse dyestuffs and vat pigments. It will assure a good dispersion of dye particles and prevent agglomeration of the dye particles during the dyeing cycle. It is also useful for stain removal when reworking stained fabrics. 

INTEX ANTIMIGRANT 75 is an excellent antimigrant for thermosol dyeing. It reduces the migration of disperse, vat pigment and pigment dyes. It reduces side to side and back to face shading. It is synthetic gum that has very little tendency to build up on rolls or cans. 

The original Bader and Sunder process was simplified considerably by the discovery of Morton Sundour Fabrics that the sulphuric ester can be formed as a metal complex by the action of fuming sulphuric acid, or an alkyl ester of chlorosulphonic acid, on the oxidized vat pigment in the presence of pyridine. The complex is finally converted into the sodium salt by the action of sodium hydroxide as shown in the series of reactions below ... 

Structures XVII and XVIII show two outstanding yellow vat pigments, flavanthrone, Pigment Yellow 24 (XVII), and anthrapyrimidine, Pigment Yellow 108 (XVIIll. Unfortunately, high cost has drastically reduced their usage today. 

Perhaps the most important class of vat pigments introduced by Harmon Colors is the perylene family with new members being introduced frequently (35). Scheme XI outlines the general synthesis of perylene pigments, and it is of interest that even the dianhydride. Pigment Red 224, is of commercial importance and is sold for use in automotive finishes. The other perylenes find broad use in architectural, plastic, and industrial finishes and vary from red to violet in hue. 

Perylene pigments n. A group of vat pigments, nearly all of which are N,N -sub-stituted peryzene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimides. Scarlet and vermilion varieties, resistant to bleeding, light, heat, and chemicals are used in plastics. 

Alessandreni et al (1996) Alessandrini, G. Toniolo, L. Cariati, F DaminelU, G. PoleseUo, S. Pozzi, A., Salvi, A.M. A black paint on the fa9ade of a renaissance building in Beigamo, Italy Studies in Conservation 41 (1996) 193-204 Allan Fisher (1973) Allan Fisher, W. Vat Pigments (Red and Brown) Pigment Handbook 1 Patton, T.C. (ed.) John Wiley, New York (1973) 667-672... 

WiCH (1973) Wich, E.A. Vat Pigments (Yellow, Orange, Blue, and Violet) Pigment Handbook 1 Patton, T.C. (ed.) John Wiley, New York (1973) 651-666... 

LDPE Heat stability normally up to 240°C Moderate light stability for many applications Easy dispersion important Red and yellow toners Selected Bis-aryiamides Isoindolinone Azo condensation Phthalocyanine Green Phthalocyanine Blue Cadmium pigments Iron oxides Lead pigments Ultramarine Blue Vat pigments Special monoazos... 

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