Ultramarine blue pigments

Formerly derived from the natural mineral lapis lazuli, ultramarine blue pigments have, for more than a century, been manufactured synthetically. The materials used in the manufacture of ultramarines are china clay (a hydrated aluminosilicate), sodium carbonate, silica, sulfur and a carbonaceous reducing material such as coal tar pitch. For the manufacture of the blue pigments, the blend of ingredients is heated to a temperature of 750 800 °C over a period of 50-100 h, and the reaction... 

Gallery (London). The sample contained white lead and ultramarine blue pigments Sample collected from a painting on copper leaf by F. Boucher, dated 1 750, containing 1.8 1.0 0.3 31.0 [9]... 

Obviously, in solution, 83 is not stable against oxidation. It is stable in the mineral lapis lazuli, and the industrial ultramarine blue pigment [28]. In these materials, the radical 83 is encapsulated in the -cages of the sodalite structure, which protects it against oxidation. In ultramarine pigments, another radical anion polysulfide, 82 , has been observed. 

Silica-rich ultramarine blue pigments are obtained with the same reaction sequence. Green ultramarine requires 1/7 to 1/8 of the sulfur required for the blue pigment, but 2.5 times the amount of reducing agent. The firing process occurs at temperatures between 900 and 1000°C in a... 

Ultramarine blue pigments give similar L, a, b values when they are compared in the same matrix and the first point was to confirm that the batch process and continuous process give similar values. Table 1 illustrates the fact that the production process gives similar values in both cases. 

The next step in the validation of the production method is the reproducibility of the lots produced. This had to be compared to the reproducibility of the batch process. The best way to control this is to check the color parameters, and more precisely on the Avalues of these color parameters. The references taken were the medium sample values. The samples are supposed to cover 2 years of production from specific Ultramarine Blue pigments. 

This statement was taken into account in the continuous production process and Figure 1 illustrates this approach. As you can notice, by building up this product range, it becomes possible to cover most of the color spectrum of Ultramarine Blue pigments. 

A continuous production process of Ultramarine Blue pigment answers the demand on color as well as existing batch production process, improves on consistency and helps in final formulation. 

Blue Ultramarine blue pigments are sodium/aluminum sulfide-silicate complexes. They are used in PP and HOPE, but they have poor resistance to acidic and alkaline outdoor environments. "Cobalt blue" (cobalt aluminate) is a higher-cost, more weatherable alternative. Ferric ammonium ferrocyanide "iron blue" has been used in LDPE bags, for example. 

CAS 1317-97-1 (blue) 1345-00-2 12769-96-9 (violet) EINECS/ELINCS 215-711-3 235-811-0 Synonyms Cl 77007 Cl 77013 Cosmetic ultramarine blue Pigment blue 29 Pigment green 24... 

Manganese hydroxide (ic) Methyl hydroxyethylcellulose Molybdenum Nickel carbonate, basic Sodium polyacrylate Talc Titanium dioxide Wollastonite Zinc oxide pigment, chalk markers Ultramarine blue pigment, chemical conditioning Kaolin... 

Ultramarine blue pigment n. A pigment family comprising a complex of double silicates of sodium and aluminum in combination with sodium polysulfide. They produce bright, clean tones even in combination with white pigments, and are resistant to the high-temperatures employed in... 

Kaolin elay acts as ingredients for forming ultramarine blue pigments, which has dark blue eolom. Best quality ultramarine blue is used in all types of laundry while teehnieal and industrial grades for applications in coating, cosmetic, ink and plastic pigments. 

Fig. 1.41. ESR spectrum of ultramarine blue pigment. After Duhayon [837]. Reproduced by permission of the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE).

Thompson and co-workers used 20 wt% calcium carbonate filler with high-denisty polyethylene (HDPE) pellets and black marker pellets. Elemans and van Wunnick used a dry coloured blend of polybutylterephthalate (PBT) with 2% ultramarine blue pigment premixed by tumble blending. 

Metallic-Flake Pigment Ultramarine-Blue Pigment... 

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