Phthalocyanine green types

The prints exhibit excellent application properties. They are, for instance, entirely fast to organic solvents, soap, alkali, and acids. They are also fast to sterilization. Metal deco prints demonstrate very good heat stability. The products withstand exposure to 200°C for 10 minutes or to 180°C for 30 minutes. Although not quite as fast to heat as halogenated types of Copper Phthalocyanine Green, P.B.15 3 is thus somewhat more heat stable than stabilized a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue. 

A mixture of 4,5-di(pentyloxy)phthalonitrile (A 69 mg, 0.23 mmol), 3,4,5,6-tetraphenylphthalonitrile (B lOOmg, 0.23 mmol), Ni(0Ac)2 (35 mg, 0.2mmol). and catalytic amounts of DBU in pentan-l-ol (3mL) was heated under N2 for 24 h under reflux. The cooled blue-green solution was poured into MeOH/H20 (5 1, 50 mL), and the precipitate formed was centrifuged, washed with MeOH, and dried in vacuo. The separation of the prepared compounds was performed by column chromatography (toluene/hexane 1 1). The fractions were collected and the solvent evaporated. The order of elution was ABBB (0.5 mg, 0.1 %), ABAB (7.5 mg, 1.4%), AABB (2 mg, 0.5%), AAAB (15 mg, 2.3%) and AAAA (9 mg, 1.6%). No BBBB-type phthalocyanine was formed. 

P.Gr.7 type pigments provide a bluish green shade. The fact that P.Gr.7 only exists in one crystal modification which resembles that of a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue eliminates the problems which are associated with the possibility of phase transition. 

Cl pigment blue 15, Cl No. 74160, is an alpha crystal that offers a red shade and the poorest stability of the copper phthalocyanines and as such is referred to as a crystallizing red-shade (CRS) blue. This grade is most often used in rubber and flexible PVC applications. Care must be exercised during the use of PB 15 since this crystal type has poor heat resistance at temperatures above 425°F (218°C) temperatures at which the pigment will likely revert to the more stable, green-shade beta crystal. 

Rectification and photovoltaic effects in organic p-n junctions were first reported by Kearns and Calvin [101] and by Meier [3]. The combination of rhodamines or triphenylmethane dyes (both n-type) with merocyanines or phthalocyanines (both p-type) generated photovoltages up to 200 mV and photocurrents of about 10 8 A at low light intensity, with power conversion efficiency much less than 1%. More recent studies have been performed on merocyanine and malachite green [89,90] and on phthalocyanines and TPyP (a porphyrin derivative) [102,103]. These devices showed stronger spectral sensitization and better spectral match to a solar spectrum than those of Schottky barrier cells using only one component. 

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