Vaccine delivery technologies

ITABLE 11.3. Novel adjuvant systems and vaccine delivery technologies... 

Amselem, S., C.R. Alving, A.J. Domb, Polymeric Biodegradable Lipospheres as Vaccine Delivery Systems, Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 3, 351, 1992. 

As of today, there are no commercially available pharmaceutical products of this technology. The pharmaceutical industry however, is involved in developing nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Use of nanospheres to modify the blood-brain barrier (BBB)—limiting characteristics of the drug enables targeted brain delivery via BBB transporters and provides a sustained release in brain tissue and vaccine delivery systems to deliver therapeutic protein antigens into the potent immune cells are under investigation.103... 

Olive, C., Batzloff, M., Horvath, A., et al. (2003) Potential of lipid core peptide technology as a novel self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery system for multiple different synthetic peptide immunogens. Infection and Immunity 71, 2373-2383. 

Considerable advances have occurred in DDS within the past decade. Extended release, controlled release, and once-a-day medications are available for several commonly used drugs. Global vaccine programs are close to becoming a reality with the use of oral, transmucosal, transcutaneous, and needle-less vaccination. Considerable advances have been made in gene therapy and delivery of protein therapeutics. Many improvements in cancer treatment can be attributed to novel drug delivery technologies. 

Shock Tube as Vaccine Delivery System A unique form of powder delivery system, a biolistic system, has been developed [19]. This novel technology accelerates microparticles by a gas flow behind a traveling shockwave, so that they can attain sufficient momentum to penetrate the skin and thus achieve a pharmacological effect. One of the most recent developments is a mouse biolistic system, used in immunological studies. These studies require powdered vaccine to be delivered into the epidermis of the mouse with a narrow and highly controllable velocity distribution and a uniform spatial distribution. The preliminary results demonstrate the overall capability of a newly designed supersonic nozzle to deliver the particles to the skin targets with a more uniform velocity and spatial distribution. CTD has been utihzed to characterize the complete operation of a prototype mouse biolistic system. 

Biodegradable microspheres as a vaccine delivery system. Mol. Immunol. 28 287-294. Emisphere Technologies, 1993, Annual Reports, Emisphere Technologies, Inc., Hawthorne,... 

Modern vaccines that are biosynthetic, recombinant, or made by other modem technology have a general problem, which is that these vaccines alone are often poorly immunogenic. So diere is an urgent need for the development of potent and safe adjuvants that can be used with modern vaccines. Delivery systems are injectable devices that allow the multimeric presentation of antigens and may also contain adjuvants. 

MJ Alonso. Nanoparticulate drug carrier technology. In S Cohen, H Bernstein, eds. Microparticulate Systems for the Delivery of Proteins and Vaccines. New York Marcel Dekker, 1996, pp 203-242. 

Hillery, A.M., Microparticulate Delivery Systems Potential Drug/Vaccine Carriers via Mucosal Routes, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Today. 1, 69, 1998. 

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