UV resonance Raman spectroscopy

Asher S A 1993 UV resonance Raman-spectroscopy for analytical, physical and biophysical chemistry 2 Anal. Chem. 

Lopez-Diez, E. C. Goodacre, R. Characterization of microorganisms using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy and chemometries. Anal. Chem. 2004,76,585-591. 

With recent developments in analytical instrumentation these criteria are being increasingly fulfilled by physicochemical spectroscopic approaches, often referred to as whole-organism fingerprinting methods.910 Such methods involve the concurrent measurement of large numbers of spectral characters that together reflect the overall cell composition. Examples of the most popular methods used in the 20th century include pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS),11,12 Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy.16,17 The PyMS technique... 

Nuopponen, M., Vuorinen, T., Jamsa, S. and Viitaniemi, P. (2004). Thermal modifications in softwood smdied by FT-IR and UV resonance Raman spectroscopies. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 24(1), 13-26. 

Most of the early gas lasers emitted in the visible region. Continuous-wave (CW) lasers such as Ar+ (351.1-514.5 nm), Kr+ (337.4-676.4 nm), and He-Ne (632.8 nm) are now commonly used for Raman spectroscopy. More recently, pulsed lasers such as Nd YAG, diode, and excimer lasers have been used for time-resolved and ultraviolet (UV) resonance Raman spectroscopy. 

Previous reviews of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy applied to nucleic acids and their components were done in 1987 [94] and 2005 [95], This review will focus exclusively on the application of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy in determining excited-state structure and dynamics of nucleic acids and their components. This review will cover the nucleic acid components first and gradually build up to nucleic acids. 

Much of the early UV resonance Raman spectroscopy and determination of the excited-state structure of uracil was also performed by Peticolas [96, 113, 114, 117, 118], using a similar approach to that described above for thymine. In addition to uracil, the calculated and experimental UV resonance Raman spectra of 1-methyluracil and... 

In contrast to the isolated nucleobases, a significant amount of work has been done on the excited-state structural dynamics and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of the nucleotides. The excited-state structural dynamics of nucleosides have not been determined to date, although some UV resonance Raman spectra of the nucleosides have been measured [139, 145, 146], This work on the nucleosides has been primarily for the application of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy in the determination of ground-state structure, rather than excited-state structural dynamics. This emphasis on the nucleotides is no doubt driven by their greater solubility, as well as their immediate relevance to the nucleic acids. In addition, it was believed that the vast majority of the intensity observed in the UV Raman spectra arose through resonance enhancement of the nucleobase chromophore. Much of the early work on the UV resonance Raman spectra of nucleotides and nucleosides was completed by the groups of Tsuboi, Spiro and Peticolas. 

Peticolas was the first to measure the UV resonance Raman spectrum and excitation profile (resonance Raman intensity as a function of excitation wavelength) of adenine monophosphate (AMP) [147, 148], The goal of this work, besides demonstrating the utility of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy, was to elucidate the excited electronic states responsible for enhancement of the various Raman vibrations. In this way, a preliminary determination of the excited-state structures and nature of each excited electronic state can be obtained. Although the excited-state structural dynamics could have been determined from this data, that analysis was not performed directly. 

This initial report was followed closely by the UV resonance Raman spectra of uridine (UMP), cytidine (CMP) and guanidine (GMP) monophosphates by Nishimura, et al. [149] and the application of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy to nucleic acids and their components started in earnest. In the years that followed, Peticolas and Spiro provided much of the research effort in this area. For nucleosides and nucleotides, Peticolas studied guanosine [150], UMP [151-154], GMP [152, 155], AMP [144, 152, 156] and CMP [153], Spiro was the only one to measure the UV resonance Raman spectra of TMP, in addition to those of all the other naturally occurring nucleotides [157, 158], For all of these nucleotides, UV resonance Raman excitation profiles have been determined. 

The determination of excited-state structural dynamics in nucleic acids and their components is still in its infancy. Although progress has been made in understanding the excited-state structural dynamics of the nucleobases, primarily with UV resonance Raman spectroscopy, much work still remains to be done at that level to be able to extract the structural determinants of the excited-state structural dynamics and resulting photochemistry. Much less is known about the excited-state structural dynamics of nucleotides, oligonucleotides, and nucleic acids, but the static and time-resolved spectroscopic tools exist to be able to measure them. 

UV resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRR), Sec. 6.1, has been used to determine the secondary structure of proteins. The strong conformational frequency and cross section dependence of the amide bands indicate that they are sensitive monitors of protein secondary structure. Excitation of the amide bands below 210 nm makes it possible to selectively study the secondary structure, while excitation between 210 and 240 nm selectively enhances aromatic amino acid bands (investigation of tyrosine and tryptophan environments) (Song and Asher, 1989 Wang et al., 1989, Su et al., 1991). Quantitative analysis of the UVRR spectra of a range of proteins showed a linear relation between the non-helical content and a newly characterized amide vibration referred to as amide S, which is found at 1385 cm (Wang et al., 1991). 

Xiong, G U, C, Li, H.Y., Xin, Q. and Eeng, Z.C. (2000) Direct spectroscopic evidence for vanadium spedes in V-MCM-41 molecular sieve characterized by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom), 8, 677-8. 

Xiong, G., li, C., Feng, Z.C., Ying, P.L, Xin, Q. and liu, ).K. (1999) Surface coordination structure of molybdate with extremely low loading on gamma-alumina characterized by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Catalysis, 186 (1), 234-7. 

Technical requirements for SERS-based imaging is almost the same as the detection technologies discussed above, but imaging technology rather focuses on visualization of targeted area in cells and tissues. UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy utilizes resonance-enhanced Raman signal from certain chromophores for... 

The kinetics of the photochemical ring opening of cyclic dienes and trienes such as 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene (104) were determined by picosecond time-resolved UV resonance Raman spectroscopy (Ried et al., 1990) and provide excellent direct support for the Woodward-Hoffmann rules. 

M Halttunen, J Vydrykka, B Hording, T Tamminen, D Batchelder, A Zimmerman, and T Vuorinen. Study of Residual Lignin in Pulp by UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Holrforschung 55 631-638, 2001. 

P-33 - Identification of vanadium species in VAPO and VAPSO alumi-nophosphate by UV resonance raman spectroscopy... 

A sensitive UV resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize both VAPO-5 and VAPSO-5 aluminophosphate. UV-Raman spectra of VAPO-5 suggest that three different vanadium species exist in VAPO-5, but the framework vanadium species are not observed. However, the framework vanadium species exist in VAPSO-5 and are located in the matrix of framework silica. 

Asher, S.A. UV resonance Raman spectroscopy for analytical, physical and biophysical chemistry, Pts.l and 2. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65 (2), 59A-66A and 201A-210A. 

Gao, Y El-Mashtoly, S. F. Pal, B. Hayashi, T Harada, K. Kitagawa, T., Pathway of information transmission from heme to protein upon ligand binding/dissociation in myoglobin revealed by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281,24637-24646. 

Aikens, D.A. Bailey, R.A. Moore, J.A. Giachino, G.G. Tomkins, R.P.T. Principles and Techniques for an Integrated Chemistry Laboratory. Waveland Press, Inc. Prospect Heights, IL, 1978. (Reissued 1984). Asher, S.A. UV resonance Raman spectroscopy for analytical, physical and biophysical chemistry, Pts.l and 2. Anal. Chem., 65(2), 59A-66A and 201A-210A, 1993. 

H Ishida, JL Koenig, B Asumoto, ME Kenney. Application of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy to the detection of monolayers of silane coupling agent on glass surfaces. Polymer Composites 2 75-80, 1981. 

Austin, J.C., Kuliopulos, A., Mildvan, A.S., Spiro, T.G. Substrate polarization by residues in A -3-ketosteroid isomerase probed by site-directed mutagenesis and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. Protein Sci. 1, 259-270 (1992)... 

Overman, S.A., Bondre, P., Maiti, N.C., Thomas Jr., G.J. Structural characterization of the filamentous bacteriophage PH75 from Thermus thermophilus by Raman and UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry 44, 3091-3100 (2005)... 

Colorectal carcinomas have been studied using UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy by Manoharan et al, [16] and Boustany et al. [15]. Spectra were modeled as a linear combination of nucleotide, aromatic amino acid, and lipid line shapes, enabling quantification of nucleotide and amino acid signal contributions. In most dysplastic tissue and carcinoma samples, lower amino acid/nucleotide ratios were found, as well as lower adenyl levels. Feld et al. [45] also used NIR-Raman spectroscopy to identify the differences between normal colon tissue and colon adenocarcinoma. Nucleic acid vibrational modes at 1340, 1458, 1576, and 1662 cm" were more intense in carcinomas, indicating a higher nuclear content the normal samples showed more intense lipid signal contributions. 

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