Drying autoclave

The Effects of "Dry" Autoclaving Upon the Diameters, Ellipticities and Air Flow Rates of Various 0.45 pM Membranes... 

Membranes Decrease in Diameter After "Dry" Autoclaving (%) Ellipticity (%) Air Flow Rate After "Dry" Autoclaving (1 min cm ) 10 psid. Decline in Air Flow Rate After "Dry" Autoclaving (%)... 

Inasmuch as all samples were perfectly round 47 mm disks before "dry" autoclaving, the standard deviation of the measured diameters after autoclaving is a measure of ellipticity,/.e. uneven shrinkage in machine and transverse directions. 

In test tubes (i.e., closed system unpublished data) containing 1 g air-dried autoclaved Cecil Ap - horizon soil (pH 5.0), 82 pg p-coumaric acid, Hoagland s solution (all solutions adjusted to pH 5.0), and soil extract for inoculum (total of 1.5 ml) the average linear transformation rates for p-coumaric acid over 48 hr, once microbial utilization was evident, were 3.6 x 10"4 + 1.7 x 10"4 picomole/CFU of p-coumaric acid utilizing bacteria/h, about 130 times slower than what was observed for the mean utilization in the steady-state continuous flow system. The CFU of p-coumaric acid utilizing bacteria/g soil in the test tube system averaged 1.46 x 108 over the 48 h interval. Initial CFU of p-coumaric acid utilizing bacterial populations/g soil 24 hr after addition of inoculum were 105+15. Utilization of p-coumaric acid by microbes in the test tubes was determined by 0.25 M EDTA (pH 7.0) extractions at 6 h intervals and HPLC analyses.2 CFU for bacteria that utilized p-coumaric acid as a sole carbon source were also determined at 6 h intervals by... 

Cellulose acetate Very low non-specific adsorption (non-fouling) High flow rates and total throughputs Limited pH compatibility Not dry autoclavable... 

Nylon 66 Good solvent compatibility Good mechanical strength Broad pH compatibility Dry autoclavable High non-specific protein adsorption Low hot-water resistance Moderate flow rate and total throughput... 

Polyvinylidene-difluoride Low non-specific adsorption Dry autoclavable Good solvent compatibility Moderate flow rate and total throughput Hydrophobic base, made hydrophilic by chemical surface treatment may lose hydrophilic modification due to chemical attack High-cost filter material... 

The coupling procedure involved the addition of 0.5 gms of each carrier to separate 50 ml flasks. The flasks, with contents, were dry autoclaved and placed in a 37°C incubator overnight to maintain the carrier dry. Ten ml of a 0.5% polyisocyanate in acetone solution was added to each carrier. The flasks with contents were shaken for 45 minutes at room temperature after which the coupling solution was decanted. Ten ml of concentrated yeast cell suspension was then added to each flask and the flasks were shaken for 3 hours after which the excess cells were decanted and the immobilized preparation was washed 3 times with phosphate buffer. 

Suspension polymerization of VDE in water are batch processes in autoclaves designed to limit scale formation (91). Most systems operate from 30 to 100°C and are initiated with monomer-soluble organic free-radical initiators such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate (92—96), tert-huty peroxypivalate (97), or / fZ-amyl peroxypivalate (98). Usually water-soluble polymers, eg, cellulose derivatives or poly(vinyl alcohol), are used as suspending agents to reduce coalescence of polymer particles. Organic solvents that may act as a reaction accelerator or chain-transfer agent are often employed. The reactor product is a slurry of suspended polymer particles, usually spheres of 30—100 pm in diameter they are separated from the water phase thoroughly washed and dried. Size and internal stmcture of beads, ie, porosity, and dispersant residues affect how the resin performs in appHcations. 

Hydroxy-1-Naphthalenecarboxylic Acid. 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid is manufactured by a Kolbe-type process, ie, by reaction of the thoroughly dried potassium or sodium 2-naphthalenolate with CO2 at ca 115—130°C in an autoclave at ca 300—460 kPa (3.0—4.5 atm) for 10—16 h. It decarboxylates readily, eg, in water starting at ca 50°C. 

Hydroxy-2-Naphthalenecarboxylic Acid. l-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is made similarly to the isomer (2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid) by reaction of dry sodium 1-naphthalenolate with CO2 in an autoclave at ca 125°C. It has been used in making triphenylmethane dyes and metalli able a2o dyes. Alkylamides and arylamides of l-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxyhc acid are cyan couplers, ie, components used in indoaniline dye formation in color films (see Color PHOTOGRAPHY). 

Ophthalmic ointments usually contain petrolatum as the base. The petrolatum is sterilized by dry heat and combined with the sterile dmg powder under aseptic conditions. Ophthalmic suspensions contain very fine (- 10 ji) particle sized soHds suspended in an aqueous vehicle. The vehicle is adjusted to isotonicity and viscosity-increasing excipients, chelating agents, and surfactants also may be needed. The aqueous vehicle in these cases is generally autoclaved and mixed with sterile dmg powder asceptically (30). 

Most of the textured apparel and industrial yams are woven or knitted directly into fabric. The carpet BCF yams can be tufted directly off package into loop pile or velvet constmctions. For the textured saxony constmctions, the BCF and the spun staple yams must be ply-twisted and heat-set. The heat-setting temperature for nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 is 180—220°C in hot—dry atmosphere, and 120—140°C in saturated steam. The yams are twist-set in pressurized autoclaves or continuously on the Superba and Suesson machines (121). Before setting the twist, the yam is heated and relaxed for predevelopment of the bulk. 

The cmde oxide is pressure-leached in a steam-heated autoclave using water or circulating mother hquor. The arsenic trioxide dissolves, leaving behind a residue containing a high concentration of heavy metal impurities and sihca. The solution is vacuum-cooled and the crystallisation is controUed so that a coarse oxide is obtained which is removed by centrifuging. The mother hquor is recycled. The oxide (at least 99% purity) is dried and packaged in a closed system. 

Supercritical and Freeze Drying. To eliminate surface tension related drying stresses in fine pore materials such as gels, ware can be heated in an autoclave until the Hquid becomes a supercritical fluid, after which drying can be accompHshed by isothermal depressurization to remove the fluid (45,69,72) (see Supercritical fluid). In materials that are heat sensitive, the ware can be frozen and the frozen Hquid can be removed by sublimation (45,69). 

General procedure. LaNIs ingot (3 g) in an autoclave was evacuated at 0.1 mm, heated to 200°C under Hz at 30 atm for 10 min. After cooling to 20°C, Itie operation was repeated five times. The autoclave was cooled in dry ice-acetone, Hg was released and Ng was Introduced. The organic compound (1 mmol) m THFJ4eOH (2 1) (5 mL) was added at -78°C with stirring. Tt mixture was stirred under Ng at 0°C and then at 20°C. The catalyst was filtered, the filtrate concentrated and the residue purified by preparative TLC on silica gel. 

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