Useful output power

The efficiency is a measure of useful output power or energy of a device or system. In this paper we will study the efficiency of electrical equipment and the total hoisting system for a mine hoist. The total efficiency for a mine hoist is defined as the gained potential energy divided by the total energy potential plus energy losses from both mechanical and electrical devices as in Equation 5. 

Modern subsea trees, manifolds, (EH), etc., are commonly controlled via a complex Electro-Hydraulic System. Electricity is used to power the control system and to allow for communication or command signalling between surface and subsea. Signals sent back to surface will include, for example, subsea valve status and pressure/ temperature sensor outputs. Hydraulics are used to operate valves on the subsea facilities (e.g. subsea tree and manifold valves). The majority of the subsea valves are operated by hydraulically powered actuator units mounted on the valve bodies. 

The most useful direct modulation teclmique is the current gain switching of semiconductor laser devices. This technique is unique to semiconductor sources, nearly all other lasers are modulated externally. In tliese devices tire excitation current of tire laser is modulated, resulting in modulated gain and tlierefore modulated output power. A detailed analysis of tliis process is found in [27]. Simply put, an oscillating current of tire fonn... 

Laser sources that emit in the mid-ir region of the spectmm (2—5 -lm) are useful for detection of trace gases because many molecules have strong absorption bands in that region. Other appHcations include remote sensing and laser radar. Semiconductor lead—salt (IV—VI) lasers that operate CW at a temperature of 200 K and emission wavelength of 4 p.m are commercially available however, they have relatively low output powers (<1 mW) (120). 

In general, the linear regulator is quite useful for those power supply applieations requiring less than 10 W of output power. Above 10 W, the heatsink required beeomes so large and expensive that a switehing power supply beeomes more attraetive. 

To estimate the loss within each output rectifier within a multiple output switching power supply, use the ratio of the desired output s power compared to the total output power as in Equation 3.14. 

Remember that a forward-mode transformer reflects the impedance from one side to the other. This means that if drivers are single-ended on the primary side (i.e., active turn-on, passive turn-off) the power switch will still have a slow turn-off. If totem-pole outputs are driving the primary are used, the power switch s response will be fast. 

This switching power supply can be used for electronic products that plug into ac power sources ranging from 85 VAC to 240 VAC. This particular switching power supply can be scaled to provide from 25 watts to f50 watts of output power. This supply can be used for products such as small office PBXs, etc. Please refer to Figure 3-72. 

If multiple isolated seeondaries are used, one might split the values of the seeondary resonant eapaeitors in proportion to the respeetive output powers. That is... 

The power developed on the crankshaft is further depreciated by the requirements of such accessories as the electric alternator, power steering pump, and air conditioner. The drivetrain that connects the crankshaft output to the vehicle drive wheels causes a further loss in power. Drivetrain efficiency generally falls within 80 to 95 percent. The remaining useful propulsive power varies with speed. 

Vehicle fuel economy is normally measured in miles per gallon. At any given instant, it depends on the energy content of a gallon of fuel (Qf), the vehicle velocity (V.,) and power required (P,-5q), the thermal efficiency with which the engine converts fuel energy into useful output work (rj,.), and the mechanical efficiency with which the driveline delivers that work to the vehicle wheels (r j). Specifically,... 

Fuel cell is an ambiguous term because, although the conversion occurs inside a fuel cell, these cells need to be stacked together, in a fuel cell stack, to produce useful output. In addition, various ancillai y devices are required to operate the stack properly, and these components make up the rest of the fuel cell system. In this article, fuel cell will be taken to mean fuel cell system (i.e., a complete standalone device that generates net power). 

The output power of P of a fan is the rate at which useful energy is delivered to the gas stream, based on polytropic compression. ... 

The ability of some plastic systems to do this may be useful in schemes for handling the radiation output of nuclear devices, including the radiation from the fusion power machines under development. Obviously the application is not for shielding, which the heavy metals do much better, but rather for an energy level reduction system that would convert the high energy radiation to forms which would be more useful in power distribution. 

The removal of plasma lines is normally effected by using conventional interference filters. Interference filters, however, have several drawbacks in that they reduce transmission efficiency and do not withstand the intense laser output power over a long period of time. 

Obviously, the lowering in intensity of the laser beam incident through the beam expander must be compensated for by increasing the source output power. However, it has been found that the intensity loss when using the beam expander is less than that encountered with interference filters. 

As an example of the use of Eq. (3-321), we shall calculate the output power density spectrum of an RC filter whose input consists of white noise. The RC filter in question is shown in Fig. 3-14. It is a simple matter to verify that the impulse response of this filter is given by... 

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