Use of Process Simulators

Aspen IPE is also used to calculate equipment sizes and estimate capital costs for the MCB separation process in Section 16.7. Then, a profitability analysis is performed in Section 17.8. In Section 21.5, process controllers are added and their responses to various disturbances are computed using HYSYS.Plant in dynamic mode. Hence, for the MCB separation process, the process simulators have been used throughout the design process, although most design teams use a variety of computational tools to carry out these calculations. 

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UK Parenteral Soeiety Technical Monograph Number 4, The Use of Process Simulation Tests for the Manufacture of Sterile Products. 

The costs of erection and commissioning of even a very complex micro structured reactor plant are, of course, comparably small. This means that the basic design of a micro structured reactor plant is extremely expensive and attention should be given to minimizing costs, for example, by the application of calculation sheets, the standardization of complete process units or the use of process simulation or planning tools such as AspenPlus . The reduction of this cost factor remains a future task of micro technology. 

The use of process simulation tests for the manufacture of sterile products, uk parenteral society technical monograph number 4. 

The use of process simulation software for process design is discussed by Seider, Seader, and Lewin [Product and Process Design Principles Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation, 2d ed. (Wiley, 2004)] and by Turton et al. [Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, 2d ed. (Prentice-Hall, 2002)]. Various computational procedures for extraction simulation are discussed by Steiner [Chap. 6 in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Equipment, Godfrey and Slater, eds. (Wiley, 1994)]. In addition, a number of authors have developed specialized methods of analysis. For example, Sanpui, Singh, and Khanna [AlChE J., 50(2), pp. 368-381 (2004)] outline a computer-based approach to rate-based, nonisothermal modeling of extraction processes. Harjo,... 

Help in choo.ting the appropriate thermodynamic model in solving problems, and in using process simulators. 1 have put more emphasis on helping students choose the appropriate thermodynamic model for their separations and design courses, and on the use of process simulators, such as Aspen, Hy,sys, SimSci, and Chemcad, Thi.s is especially evident in Sec. 9.11. 

The assembly of the systematic methods applied to chemical processes forms the new design paradigm designated today by Process Integration. Its application relies on the intensive use of Process Simulation. Combining design and simulation allows the designer to understand the behaviour of complex systems, to explore several alternatives, and on this basis to propose effective innovative solutions. 

Other current trends are the increased use of process simulations [Sowa 1997] and the development and use of expert systems. These are already available for simple, limited systems such as the optimization of individual unit operations [Gottert 1991]. For much more complex systems such as catalyst development or the optimization of entire plants, expert systems are at present still a long way from general practical application. However, since expert systems can only be used efficiently by experts, a responsible user must also be an expert in his own field. 

Furthermore, early models had to be simple because hand calculation was necessarily the mode, but now computer-based "process simulators" readily solve complex, multiparameter equations. Such simulators enable us to generate alternative "what-if" scenarios to study feasibility and optimization they also allow us to probe the smallest details of process facilities and conditions. However, this powerful capability is limited by the approximations we provide to the simulator and by our interpretations of the output that the simulator provides to us. Casual, uncritical use of process simulators can obscure the significance of results and lead to process designs that are physically unrealizable. Therefore, you must give some attention to the accuracy with which property values will be needed and to the computational resources that will be required to achieve the required accuracy. 

As an alternate or addition to scenario assessments, simulated exercises or dry-runs could be developed to test the effectiveness of the new organization. This could be similar to table-top exercises commonly run by companies to test the effectiveness of the emergency response plans as well as the use of process simulators to test response of operations personnel to process upsets. The assessment should verify that individuals can complete their critical safety responsibilities in a reasonable amount of time. 

The use of process simulation, in conjunction with optimization, as discussed in Chapter 18, allows one to determine optimal values of reactor conversion, entering temperature, mode of operation, pressure, molar ratio of reactants in a combined reactor feed, diluent ratio, and purge-to-recycle ratio. 

Process Intensification through the Combined Use of Process Simulation and Miniplant Technology... 

The LCI was computed using process simulation as a support tool. This approach is appropriate for both, the design of new processes and the optimisation of existing ones. The use of process simulators to obtain the LCI guarantees a robust approach that... 

Appreciate the use of process simulation in the development and validation of control strategies. 

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