Use in Construction Products

SAN/EPDM weatherability, impact strength, chemical resistance, and good processing. Used in construction products and sporting goods. 

Abstract Textiles are known to have unique properties that lend themselves to use in many different types of technical products, among which perhaps the best known are medical materials. Presented in this chapter are aspects of polymer, fiber and textile science that should serve as useful background knowledge of the materials used in constructing products and whose in vitro and in vivo physical and mechanical performances are discussed in this book. 

A conqpetltlvely priced filler for use in construction products where color is of secondary importance. 

Silicate ceramics are generally alumino-silicate based materials obtained from natural raw materials. They exhibit a set of fundamental properties, such as chemical inertia, thermal stability and mechanical strength, which explain why they are widely used in construction products (sanitary articles, floor and wall tiles, bricks, tiles) and domestic articles (crockery, decorative objects, pottery). They are often complex materials, whose usage properties depend at least as much on microstructure and aesthetics as on composition. Silicate products with an exclusively technical application (refractory materials, insulators or certain dental implants) will not be explicitly discussed in this chapter. 

Niobium finds use in the production of numerous stainless steels for use at high temperatures, and Nb/Zr wires are used in superconducting magnets. The extreme corrosion-resistance of tantalum at normal temperatures (due to the presence of an exceptionally tenacious film of oxide) leads to its application in the construction of chemical plant, especially where it can be used as a liner inside cheaper metals. Its complete inertness to body fluids makes it the ideal material for surgical use in bone repair and internal suturing. 

Another method of reducing the quantity of plastics that has been used in certain products is to use engineered plastics with higher performance than the lower-cost commodity plastics. When applicable, this approach permits using less material to compensate for its higher cost. With a thinner-walled construction there could also be additional cost savings, since less processing heat, pressure, and time cycle is required. 

The process can handle a wide range of materials, including heavy metal contaminated wastes. It is very fast compared to conventional processes and produces an easily handled product that can be used in construction. Waste CO2 can be captured and converted into carbonate to yield carbon credits. Target applications include pre-treatment of waste prior to disposal, recychng and reuse of industrial waste, and remediation of contaminated brownfield sites. 

There are two types of knitting used in mbber product construction, i.e., warp knitting and weft knitting. 

Zinc is mainly used in the production of noncorrosive alloys, brass, and in galvanizing steel and iron products. Zinc undergoes oxidation on the surface, thus protecting the underlying metal from degradation. Galvanized products are widely used in construction materials, automobile parts, and... 

Many naturally occurring substances, in particular the oxide films that form spontaneously on some metals, are semiconductors. Also, electrochemical reactions are used in the production of semiconductor chips, and recently semiconductors have been used in the construction of electrochemical photocells. So there are good technological reasons to study the interface between a semiconductor and an electrolyte. Our main interest, however, lies in more fundamental questions How does the electronic structure of the electrode influence the properties of the electrochemical interface, and how does it affect electrochemical reactions What new processes can occur at semiconductors that are not known from metals ... 

Timber can be viewed as a classic renewable material. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and utilize water and sunlight to produce a material that can be used in construction, to produce paper or to provide chemical feedstocks, with the production of oxygen as a byproduct. Furthermore, at the end of a product life cycle, the material constituents can be combusted, or composted to return the chemical constituents to the grand cycles . In essence, timber use represents a classic example of a cyclic materials flow, mimicking the flows of materials through natural cycles. Provided that we manage our forests well and do not harvest beyond the capacity of the planet to provide timber, we have at our disposal an inexhaustible resource available in perpetuity. 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a tough plastic often used in construction and plumbing. It is also used in some food, shampoo, oil, and household product containers. 

Metathesis reactions are now widely used in natural product synthesis. Novel retrosynthetic analyses were developed because a carbon-carbon single bond can be formed after hydrogenation of a double bond constructed by metathesis. Although many types of metathesis are now known, the reaction is classified by olefin, enyne, and alkyne metatheses in this chapter. 

Vehicle LPG storage tanks are cylindrical with rounded ends and are capable of holding fuel at pressures of 240 to 250 psig. The tanks are much stronger than those used to hold conventional liquid fuels, but less sophisticated than CNG storage tanks. Carbon steel or aluminum can be used for tank construction. Because propane can dissolve plasticizers used in elastomer production, only propane-resistant elastomers such as neoprene, nitrile, or Teflon should be used. Except for the need for a gas-tight connection, LPG can be dispensed in the same manner as gasoline or diesel fuel. To ensure that adequate vapor space is available for gas expansion, automatic limiters are incorporated to maintain an 80% maximum fill rate. 

Phenol is produced through both natural and anthropogenic processes. It is naturally occurring in some foods, human and animal wastes, and decomposing organic material, and is produced endogenously in the gut from the metabolism of aromatic amino acids. Phenol has been isolated from coal tar, but it is now synthetically manufactured (EPA, 2002). Currently, the largest use of phenol is as an intermediate in the production of phenolic resins, which are used in the plywood, adhesive, construction, automotive, and appliance industries. Phenol is also used in the production of synthetic fibers such as nylon and for epoxy resin precursors such as bisphenol-A. 

---