Cancer urinary bladder

TABLE 5.8(b) Case-control Studies of Urinary Bladder Cancer annong Workers in the Printing Industry ... 

The case for the carcinogenicity of PNB is supported hy (1) the induction of urinary bladder cancer in dogs after administration of PNB (2) the evidence that PNB is metabolized in vivo to 4-aminobiphenyl (a potent carcinogen) and (3) the possibility that the cases of human urinary bladder cancer attributed to 4-aminobiphenyl may also have been induced by exposure to PNB. ... 

Dunst J, Weigel C, Heynemann H, Becker A. Preliminary results of simultaneous radiochemotherapy with paclitaxel for urinary bladder cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 1999 175 Suppl 3 7-10. 

Jakse G, Frommhold H, Nedden DZ. Combined radiation and chemotherapy for locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Cancer 1985 55 1659-1664. 

Mohammed SI, Knapp DW, Bostwick DG, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. Cancer Res 1999 15 5647-5650. 

Stasik, M.J. (1991) Urinary bladder cancer after 4-chloro-o-toluidine. Dtsch. med. Wschr, 116, 1444-1447 (in German)... 

Mortality associated with acrylonitrile exposure was evaluated as part of a study of 15 643 male workers in a rubber plant in the United States (Akron, Ohio) (Delzell Monson, 1982). Included in the analysis were 327 workers who were employed for at least two years in the plant between 1 January 1940 and 1 July 1971, and who had worked in two departments where acrylonitrile was used, i.e., 81 worked only in the nitrile rubber manufacturing operation where exposures to 1,3-butadiene (see this volume), styrene (lARC, 1994a) and vinylpyridine also occurred and 218 only in the department where the latex was coagulated and dried. [No information on levels of exposure to acrylonitrile was provided ] Mortality among these workers was assessed through 1 July 1978 and compared with age- and calendar-time-specific rates for white men in the United States. SMRs were 0.8 ( = 74 95% CI, 0.7-1.0) for all causes of death, 1.2 ( = 22 95% CI, 0.8-1.9) for all cancers combined, 1.5 ( = 9 95% CI, 0.7-2.9) for lung cancer, 4.0 ( = 2 95% CI, 0.5-14.5) for urinary bladder cancer and 2.3 ( = 4 95% CI, 0.6-5.8) for cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic system. SMRs for lung cancer by duration of employment were [1.0] (4 observed, 3.8 expected) [95% CI, 0.3-2.7] for < 5 years, and [3.3] (5 observed, 1.5 expected) [95% CI, 1.1-7.8] for 5-14 years. No case was observed with duration > 15 years. 

Saccharin is noncaloric and noncariogenic (2,3). The safety of saccharin for public health has been the center of several controversies. In 1970, saccharin at high dietary levels was observed to increase the incidence of urinary bladder cancer in experimental rats (1,59). However, extensive human epidemiological investigations showed that use of saccharin does not significantly increase the risk of bladder cancer (5,7,11,59). Saccharin is approved for use in several countries. Its use is not permitted in Canada, and a health warning on the label of saccharin-containing foods is required in the United States (7,8,10). 

In a phase I clinical trial patients with recently resected urinary bladder cancer, uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), oral leucoplakia, and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach were enrolled and treated with 0.5-12 g/... 

Hein, D. W. IV-Acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphism Effects of carcinogen and haplo-type on urinary bladder cancer risk. Oncogene 25, 1649-1658, 2006. 

Ras, the first oncogene found to be associated with a human tumour, an urinary bladder cancer, had a point mutation, changing a valine to a glycine. Other point mutations in ras... 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Along with p-naphthylamine and benzidine, it has been incriminated as a cause of urinary bladder cancer. Poison by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. Incompatible with nitrous acid. To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2, mist, spray. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also 2-NAPHTHYLAMINE and AROMATIC AMINES. 

Molinini R, Paoletti L, Albrizio M, et al. 1992. Occupational exposure to asbestos and urinary bladder cancer. Environ Res 58(2) 176-183. 

The low acute toxicity of 2NA masks its extreme carcinogenicity as exposed persons experience no or very slight ill effects and assume that the material is not toxic. The latency period for 2NA urinary bladder cancer is estimated from 16 to 30 years after initial exposure. 

Flumans exposed to 2NA during the production of this compound are at dramatically increased risk of urinary bladder cancer. According to one report all 15 workers involved with distilling the product fell victim to the disease. In other studies the relative risk of urinary bladder cancer ranged from 30 to 60 times higher than expected it not being uncommon that 50% of the exposed workforce was prevalent cases. As noted above the estimates of the so-called latency (time between first exposure and disease) period ranged for 16-30 - - years for 2NA-exposed workers. 

Fortunately, urinary bladder cancer is amendable to effective treatment if detected early. A full spectrum of biomarkers and early diagnostic screens are available to alert the health professional when exposure to 2NA has occurred and when changes consistent with early neoplasia are occurring. 

Eissa S, SweUam M, Sadek M, et al. Comparative evaluation of the nuclear matrix protein, fibronectin, urinary bladder cancer antigen and voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder tumors. J Urol 2002 168 465-69. 

Urinary bladder cancer in humans has been associated with exposure to chemicals since the observation by Rehn in 1895 of an increased incidence of bladder cancer in aniline dye workers in Germany (Cohen 1998 Cohen et al. 2000 Johansson and Cohen 1997). As a result of extensive research during the past century, numerous chemicals and mixtures have been identified as causative factors for human bladder cancer, most notably cigarette smoking, which accounts for approximately one-half of the bladder cancer cases in the United States (Cohen et al. 2000 Johansson and Cohen 1997). Most of the chemicals that have been identified as human bladder carcinogens documented by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) are DNA reactive chemicals, many of which are aromatic amines, such as... 

Shirai, T., Fukushima, S., Tagawa, Y., Okumura, M., and Ito, N. (1989). Cell proliferation induced by uracil-calculi and subsequent development of reversible papillomatosis in the rat urinary bladder. Cancer Res 49, 378-383. 

Kunze, E. (1979). Development of urinary bladder cancer in the rat. In Carcinogenesis, Grundmann, E., ed.. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 145-232. 

Tzai TS, Tsai YS, Chow NH. The prevalence and clinicopathologic correlate of pl6INK4a, retinoblastoma and p53 immu-noreactivity in locally advanced urinary bladder cancer. Urol O co/. 2004 22 112. 

Margulis V, Lotan Y, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Multi-institutional validation of the predictive value of Ki-67 labeling index in patients with urinary bladder cancer. / Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 101 114. 

Takaska, G. (2003) Aromatic amines and human urinary bladder cancer exposure sources and epidemiology. J. Environ. 

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