Upper extremities shoulder

General terms are used in table to illustrate combination options. Very specific definition that controls the motoric functional units involved as precisely as possible should be used for any given capacity test. For example (1) Upper extremity (shoulder flexor vs. elbow flexor vs. digit 2 flexor) and (2) Vocal system (lingua-dental ta vs. labial pa response), etc. 

MSD) An illness of the soft tissues of the upper extremities, shoulders, neck, back, hips, legs or feet and toes cause primarily by workplace risk factors, such as sustained or repeated exertions or awkward postures and manipulations. 

Signs and Symptoms Symptoms include sudden onset of intense headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light (photophobia) followed by central nervous system abnormalities such as stupor, tremors, delirium, focal epilepsy and flaccid paralysis (especially in the shoulder), and coma. Recovery is prolonged. Sequelae may include paralysis of the upper extremities and back. 

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy or Lan-douzy-De jerine dystrophy differs from the more common types in that it involves primarily the upper extremities, face muscles, and shoulder girdle. The condition starts later in life (usually by age 10) and may appear... 

Injection of a local anesthetic into or around individual peripheral nerves or nerve plexuses produces even greater areas of anesthesia than do the techniques described above. Blockade of mixed peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses also usually anesthetizes somatic motor nerves, producing skeletal muscle relaxation, which is essential for some surgical procedures. The areas of sensory and motor block usually start several centimeters distal to the site of injection. Brachial plexus blocks are particularly useful for procedures on the upper extremity and shoulder. Intercostal nerve blocks are effective for anesthesia and relaxation of the anterior abdominal wall. Cervical plexus block is appropriate for surgery of the neck. Sciatic and femoral nerve blocks are useful for surgery distal to the knee. Other useful nerve blocks prior to surgical procedures include blocks of individual nerves at the wrist and at the ankle, blocks of individual nerves such as the median or ulnar at the elbow, and blocks of sensory cranial nerves. 

Assessment of Upper Extremity Posture Shoulder and upper arm posture. Upper arm retroflexion and upper-arm adduction should be avoided. Raising the shoulder should be avoided. The upper-arm elevation should be less than 60°, on the condition that the holding time be less than the maximum acceptable holding time for the actual upper-arm elevation as well as that adequate rest be provided after action (muscle fitness should not be below 80%). 

The strain index has not been developed to predict disorders outside of the disteil upper extremity, such as disorders of the shoulder, shoulder girdle, neck, or back. 

Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities (such as carpal tunnel syndrome and rotator cuff tendinitis) due to work factors are common and occur in nearly tdl sectors of our economy. More than 2 hUlion in workers compensation costs are spent annually on these work-related problems. Musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremities due to work factors affect employees in every type of workplace and include such diverse workers as food processors, automobile and electronics assemblers, carpenters, office data-entry workers, grocery store cashiers, and garment workers. The highest rates of these disorders occur in the industries with a substantial amount of repetitive, forceful work. Musculoskeletal disorders affect the soft tissues of the neck, shoulder, elbow, hand, wrist, and fingers. 

Dickey KW, Poliak JS, Meier GH, 3rd, Denny DF, White RI, Jr. (1995) Management of large high-flow arteriovenous malformations of the shoulder and upper extremity with transcatheter embolotherapy. J Vase Intervent Radiol 6 765-773... 

In 1839, James Alderson reported two instances of what he described as cases of paralysis from the unsuspected absorption of lead, in consequence of drinking rain water, kept in lead cisterns. These cases were discovered when another physician requested Alderson s assistance with a patient whose ailments baffled him. That patient, a Mr. Thackery, was a sixty-three-year-old man who had long been laboring under paralysis of the upper extremities, and partial paralysis of the lower. He had limited power in his arms and hands, and to move to and from his bedroom, he required the assistance of a servant on each side of him, and then his knees bent under him, and his gait was tottering. Even with the aid of a stimulant, the patient s bowels acted only once every three or four days, causing much abdominal pain and distress. Much like Dr. Porritt, the patient also suffered from melancholy and would frequently shed tears from light causes. At one point, Thackery had a seizure in which he fell out of bed and dislocated his shoulder. ... 

The sternoclavicular joint, one of the true joints of the shoulder girdle, may affect rib cage motion either primarily, via the manubrium and ligamentous attachments to the costal cartilage, or secondarily, because of the position of the upper extremity. 

The range of joint motion should be tested both passively and actively, with any restrictions noted. A general motion screening is performed by asking the patient to raise both arms slowly and touch the backs of his hands over the head. The physician observes scapular motion and symmetry of shoulder, elbow, and wrist angles. The inability to perform this test indicates motion restriction in the upper extremity. The areas of restriction must then be identified. 

Any joint in the upper extremity may dislocate if sufficient force is applied to it. The glenohumeral joint is especially prone to dislocating, usually in an anterior direction. A prominent end of the clavicle and loss of roundness of the shoulder may indicate a dislocation. Frequently there is an associated tear of the capsule. With any joint dislocation, radiographic imaging should be obtained to rule out an associated fracture. 

Any type of arthritis may involve any of the shoulder girdle joints. The sternoclavicular joint is most commonly affected. Osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint is less common than in some of the other upper extremity joints. 

The medical name given to the limbs. The upper extremities are the hand, arm and shoulder. The lower extremities are the foot, leg, thigh and hip. This term is used mainly to designate blood flow because in chilling there is often less blood flow to the extremities than there is in the central portion of the body. 

Torso and organs, including rib cage, chest area, pelvic and torso Upper extremities, including shoulder, arm, hand, fingers and wrist... 

A 32-year-old woman presented with a pruritic eruption 2 weeks after commencing escitalopram. The eruption had spread from her trunk to the extremities. On examination, there were multiple inflammatory papules around hair follicles, some of which had coalesced to form plaques on her chest, shoulders, back and buttocks. There were some pustules evident on the upper aspect of her chest. Biopsy specimen of a papule from her upper back revealed follicular plugging and a mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltrate. With the cessation of escitalopram, the eruption remitted spontaneously over several weeks, however when another SSRI was started and an acneiform eruption occurred. Changing the class of antidepressant again resulted in remission, with no further cutaneous effects. 

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