Universal Laboratory Plants

The following qualities could be important in selecting the most suitable laboratory plant  

Freeze-Drying. SecondEdition. Georg Wilhelm Oetjen, Peter H aseley Copyright 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Wemheim ISBN 978-3-527-30620-6 

The process data from manifold installations can hardly be transferred to chamber-type plants. This applies, practically, also to the process transfer from belljar-type installations to chamber plants. Results obtained in laboratory plants of the chamber type must be analyzed carefully, if they are be transferred to another plant. If the product, the layer thickness of the product and the vials or trays are identical, the following conditions should be observed and compared  

As indicated by the title of this section, the manufacturers of such plants attempt to make them flexible for different applications by using a modular concept. Often, the basic unit consists of a condenser, a vacuum pump and a vacuum gauge, to which various drying systems can be added e. g. manifolds for flasks, ampoules or vials, baseplates with belljars or small chambers with temperature-controlled shelves. The following qualities could be important in selecting the most suitable laboratory plant  

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The membrane research and development activities of some university laboratories is also a fallout of the nuclear membrane program. The inorganic membrane work performed by the University of Montpellier originated in a cooperative effort with the neighboring Euroceral plant. This cooperative effort continued with Ceraver subsequent to the shutdown of the Euroceral plant. 

A second full-scale SCWO plant in operation in Japan was built by Organo Corp, to treat laboratory wastewater at a national university. This plant is based on the MODAR design and has been operating since 2002. ... 

Krauss-Maffei has delivered 10 of these IMC systems to European molders and two more to European university laboratories. Two more are on order for RKT plants in Germany and Mexico. One system is used in the USA for a non-automotive application. The VW front-end carrier is molded on a 1300-ton press. The first commercial use of IMC was to produce the front-end carrier for the Citroen C3, introduced in late 2001. The second application came early last year, a similar part for the Peugeot 307 (tel . >6.06-283-0200, www.kraussmafFei.com). 

W. H. Avery, R. W. Blevins, G. L. Dugyer, and E. J. Francis, Executive Summary—Maritime and Construction Aspects of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Plant Ships, Apphed Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., Apr. 1976. 

Esterification is generally carried out by refluxing the reaction mixture until the carboxyHc acid has reacted with the alcohol and the water has been spHt off. The water or the ester is removed from the equiUbrium by distillation. The choice of the esterification process to obtain a maximum yield is dependent on many factors, ie, no single process has universal appHcabiUty. Although extensive preparative techniques have been reviewed elsewhere (7,68), the methods given ia this section are representative of both laboratory and plant-scale techniques used ia batch esterifications. 

Laboratory of Energy Economics and Power Plant Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland... 

Stock was born in Danzig, Poland, and his aptitude for science was displayed early in his boyhood collections of salamanders, butterflies, and plants. He studied at the University of Berlin where the chemistry facilities of the day were so limited that this brilliant experimentalist-to-be had to wait till liis third semester to approach a laboratory bench. He received the Ph.D. at the University of Berlin in 1899, graduating magna cum laude. 

Berkeley, and, essentially simultaneously, by Hindman and coworkers (1949) at the Metallurgical Laboratory and Mastick and Wahl (1944) at the Los Alamos Laboratory the latter two groups utilized the milligram amounts of plutonium made available at the time through the operation of the reactor and chemical separation plant at the Clinton Laboratories in Tennessee. The existence of the V oxidation state was established in the summer of 1944, through the use of plutonium obtained from the Clinton Laboratories, by Connick and coworkers (1949), at the University of California, Berkeley. 

Conventional hot-air furnaces, similar to those found in homes, are often used in laboratories. A university campus or an industrial plant may have steam available, which can be conveniently put to use for heating. 

A number of handbooks and monographs are available with detailed descriptions of a variety of plant products and their use (Shahidi and Naczk, 1995). From a more practical point of view, an interlaboratory comparison between six university and industry laboratories of 17 extracts of spices, teas, coffees, and grape skin and of tomato peel slurry established within the framework of an EU sponsored programme, would be of interest (Schwarz et al, 2001). In this collaboration, detailed chemical analysis of the content of different phenolic compounds is compared with six antioxidant assays for the 17 extracts including different extraction procedures. 

Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 Plant Hormone Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705... 

Penn State University Researchers Discover Inexpensive Way to Clean Up Sulfur Dioxide from Coal Plants. U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, http //www.netl.doe.gov/newsroom/media rel/mr pennst.html... 

This chapter is an historical perspective with selected examples from our own laboratory, first at the University of Munich, and now at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry in Halle, that reflect the changes in how we define and exploit sequence-based approaches to alkaloid biosynthesis gene identification. ... 

Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Dept, of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark... 

This work was carried out at the Helsinki University of Technology in the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Plant Design from April 1993 to July 1998. The thesis discusses inherent safety in the conceptual process design. 

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