United States Energy Research and

United States Energy Research and Development Administration, Pittsburgh Energy Research Center, 4800 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213... 

Touring the period June, 1975 to October, 1977 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. studied the catalytic hydroprocessing of solvent-refined coal (SRC) products. This work was sponsored by the United States Energy Research and Development Administration under a contract entitled The Chemical Characterization, Handling, and Refining of Solvent-Refined Coal to Liquid Fuels. Results from that study are the subject of this presentation. The final report recently was issued as FE2003-27, September 1977, available through NTIS. 

This research was carried out under contract no. EX-76-S-01-2550 with the United States Energy Research and Development Administration and a preliminary research grant from the University of Michigan, Division of Research Development Administration. A large part of it is taken from the doctoral dissertation of James C. Romine, University of Michigan, 1980. 

The authors wish to thank the FMC Corporation, Hydrocarbon Research Inc., Catalytic Inc., PAMCO, and the Pittsburgh Energy Research Center of ERDA for generously supplying samples of their coal liquid products. The work described here was sponsored by the United States Energy Research and Development Administration under Contract No. E( 49-18) 2031. 

The support of this work by grants from the National Science Foundation and the United States Energy Research and Development Administration is gratefully acknowledged. 

A modification of The Critical Incident Technique was published by the Division of Safety, Standards, and Compliance of the United States Energy Research and Development Administration in 1976. Because the method was also to be applied in the nuclear industry, where the terms Critical and Incident have their own connotations, a new name was used Reported Significant Observation (RSO) Studies. In a paper with that title, it is said that RSO was formally recognized as a significant hazard reduction tool. ... 

The author is indebted to Mr. B. Kalyanaraman for use of some of his esr spectra cind Dr. T. C. S. Chen for discussions. This work was supported in part through a contract with the United States Energy Research and Development Administration. 

The United States Energy, Research and Development Administration and before them the United States Atomic Energy Commission have supported the bulk of the work on rare earth oxides carried out by the author and his many coworkers. Indeed, a large fraction of the American work on the oxides has been sponsored by them. We acknowledge this active interest with gratitude. 

The Department of Energy operates seventeen major national laboratories and thirteen minor facilities in the United States that cany out energy research and development, basic science, and defense weapons work. The combined budgets for these laboratories exceed 6 billion annually, with a scientific and technical staff of more than thirty-thousand. 

Acknowledgments. — The authors are grateful to the Energy Research and Development Administration for the support of this work under Contract W-7405-FNG-48 and to the Committee on Research of the University of California, Berkeley. They also wish to thank Dr. J. Scherer of the United States Department of Agriculture Laboratory, Albany, CA. for the use of his Raman facilities. 

Some of the results contained in the book are based on research projects, which have been supported by grants and contracts from the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the United States Geological Survey, and the Office of Naval Research. I am very grateful for the funding support provided by all these organizations. 

The projections are based on a recent forecast (Case B) by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) of nuclear power growth in the United States (2) and on fuel mass-flow data developed for light water reactors fueled with uranium (LWR-U) or mixed uranium and plutonium oxide (LWR-Pu), a high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), and two liquid-metal-cooled fast breeder reactors (LMFBRs). Nuclear characteristics of the fuels and wastes were calculated using the computer code ORIGEN (3). 

Barnes D, Admiraal L, Pike RL and Mathur VNP (1976) Continuous system for the drying of lumber with microwave energy. Forest Products Journal, 26(5) 31 -42 Barnes D (1988) Parallam a new wood product - invention and development to the pilot scale stage. In Timber a material for the future. The Marcus Wallenberg Foundation Symposium Proceedings. Falun, Sweden, 4 5-24 Barnes HM, WUhams LH and Morrell JJ (1989) Borates as wood preserving compounds the status of research in the United States. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Document No IRG/WP/3542... 

The second common characteristic is that these for-profit enterprises were geographically concentrated in the United States, northwestern Europe, and Japan. These areas clearly provided the most fertile environment for commercializing the new products because they were close to sources of raw material and energy, as well as to rich sources of learning in universities and research institutes. Then, even within these regions, the activities of the proprofit enterprises clustered in a very few specific areas, a tiny sample of possible global industrial locations. 

A study by the University of Miami s Clean Energy Research Institute estimated that the environmental costs of burning fossil fuels amounted to about 2.3 trillion for 1990—equivalent to about 460 for every man, woman, and child on the planet. For the United States, the researchers said this was equivalent to adding roughly 1 to each gallon of gasoline in real costs.17... 

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