Catalytic hydroprocessing

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Petroleum and Distillates, edited by Michael C. Oballah and Stuart S. Shih... 

Mathur, K. N. Sarbak, Z. Islam, N., Kwart, H., and Katzer, J. R., Kinetics and Mechanism of Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Components of Coal-Derived Liquids, DOE, Office of Fossil Energy. Washington, DC. X and XI Quarterly 1982 August 16, 1981 to February 15, 1982. 

Cooper, B. H. Sogaard-Anderson, P., and Nielsen-Hannerup, P., Production of Swedish class I diesel using dual-stage process,in Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Petroleum and Distillates, M.C. oballa, S.S.S. editor. 1994, Marcel Dekker New York. pp. 279-290. 

Girgis, M. J., and Gates, B. C., Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Simulated Heavy Coal Liquids. 2. Reaction Networks of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sulfur and Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 1994. 33 pp. 2301-2313. 

Takeuchi, C. Fukui, Y. Nakamura, M., and Shiroto, Y., Asphaltene Cracking in Catalytic Hydrotreating of Heavy Oils. 1. Processing of Heavy Oils by Catalytic Hydroprocessing and Solvent Deasphalting. Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev, 1983. 22(2) pp. 236-42. 

DCH (1) [Direct contact hydrogenation] A process which uses catalytic hydroprocess-ing to re-refine spent lubricating oils to produce clean fuel, lubricating oil base stocks, or hydrocarbon feedstock for cracking. Developed by UOP but not commercialized as of 1991. 

Sullivan, R. F. and Stangeland, B. E., "Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Shale Oil to Produce Distillate Fuels," Refining of Synthetic Crudes, edited by Martin L. Gorbaty and Brian M. Harney, Advances in Chemistry Series 179, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1979 ... 

Short contact time SRC can be upgraded via catalytic hydroprocessing into low sulfur boiler fuels. However, the solid SCT SRC feedstock requires solvent dilution to reduce its viscosity. Furthermore, even for a 50 wt % W. Kentucky SCR SRC blend, all pilot unit lines and valves have to be heat-traced above 350°F in order to achieve smooth mechanical operations. 

Girgis, M.J. and B.C. Gates, Reactivities, Reaction Network, and Kinetics in High-Pressure Catalytic Hydroprocessing, Ind. and Eng. Chem. Res., 30,2021,1991. 

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Shale Oil to Produce Distillate Fuels... 

Touring the period June, 1975 to October, 1977 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. studied the catalytic hydroprocessing of solvent-refined coal (SRC) products. This work was sponsored by the United States Energy Research and Development Administration under a contract entitled The Chemical Characterization, Handling, and Refining of Solvent-Refined Coal to Liquid Fuels. Results from that study are the subject of this presentation. The final report recently was issued as FE2003-27, September 1977, available through NTIS. 

Equipment. In designing the apparatus to be used for the hydro-treating and hydrocracking of SRC, heavy reliance was placed on the petroleum-processing experience in the Houdry Division of Air Products. A continuous process development unit was designed and constructed to catalytically hydroprocess nominally 1 L/hr of SRC liquid. A simplified flowsheet of the unit appears in Figure 1. 

Miller S.J. et al., Advances in Lube Base Oil Manufacture by Catalytic Hydroprocessing, National Fuels and Lubricants Meeting of the NPRA, Houston, Texas, Paper FL-92-109, (1992). 

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