United States, domestic energy consumption

Trends in commercial fuel, eg, fossd fuel, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, production and consumption in the United States and in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, are shown in Tables 2 and 3. These trends indicate (6,13) (/) a significant resurgence in the production and use of coal throughout the U.S. economy (2) a continued decline in the domestic U.S. production of cmde oil and natural gas lea ding to increased imports of these hydrocarbons (qv) and (J) a continued trend of energy conservation, expressed in terms of energy consumed per... 

The production and consumption of LPG in the United States increased dramatically from its early beginnings in the 1930s until the international energy crises of the 1970s when rising prices and regulatory restraints resulted in reduced domestic production. However, total consumption, including imports. 

United States and the world (Figure 1), despite perceptions that it has been replaced by other sources. In 1997 production ofboth coal (23.2 quadrillion Btus, or about 4.6 billion barrels of oil) and natural gas (19.5 quadrillion Btus, or about 3.9 billion barrels of oil) on an energy equivalent basis exceeded U.S. domestic oil production (13.6 quadrillion Btus, equivalent to about 2.7 billion barrels, or 3.1 billion barrels of oil if natural gas liquids are included). Coal production in the United States nearly doubled from 1970 to 2000 (from about 600 million tons to about 1 billion tons produced annually). Meanwhile, petroleum consumption at 18.6 million barrels of oil per day is near the all-time high of 18.8 million barrels of oil per day in 1978. Net U.S. petroleum imports (8.9 million barrels of oil per day) in 1997 were worth 67 billion and exceeded U.S. petroleum production (8.3 million... 

It is argued that these countries have shown a lower ratio of energy use to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) and lower per capita energy consumption while maintaining the same standard of living as the United States. I... 

Human-made sources cover a wide spectrum of chemical and physical activities and are the major contributors to urban air pollution. Air pollutants in the United States pour out from over 10 million vehicles, the refuse of approximately 300 million people, the generation of billions of kilowatts of electricity, and the production of innumerable products demanded by everyday living. Hundreds of millions of tons of air pollutants are generated annually in the United States alone. The six pollutants identified in the Clean Air Act are shown in Table 22-14. Annual emission statistics for these six pollutants are considered major indicators of the U.S. air quality. During the 1970 to 2003 period, the total emissions of the six pollutants declined by 51 percent, while at the same time the gross domestic product increased By 176 percent, the population by 39 percent, and energy consumption by 45 percent. Total emissions in the United States are summarized by source category for the year 1998 in Table 22-15. 

Usually, the gross national product (GNP) [or the gross domestic product (GDP), see footnote 2 of Table 5.1.4] is used as a measure of a country s economic performance. For a comparison of countries, the purchasing power parity (PPP) should be used, that is, the GNP in international dollars with the same purchasing power as a US in the United States. Values of selected countries are given in Table 5.1.4. The table also lists the land area per head, the population in 2009 (and prediction for 2050), and the energy consumption (pc). 

Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada. 1977-. Statistical Review of Coal in Canada. Ottawa Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. Annually reviews production, consumption, and export statistics of Canadian metallurgical grade bituminous coal and subbituminous coal used for domestic electricity generation. Includes statistics on coal imported into Canada from the United States and South American export markets. 

Other data used to calculate the oil dependency include oil imports and consumption in bbl s per day from the 2008 CIA Eactbook (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009) and estimates from the IMF World Economic Outlook (2008) Gross Domestic Product in current United States dollars. Uniform weights were applied to Equation (28.4) and the two components of the energy diversity index (28.5) were also equally weighted. 

The first part of the report analyzed the nation s fossil-fuel reserves in some detail, estimated the growth of energy consumption, and related them to the need for development of nuclear energy. It maintained that fossil fuels supplying most of the energy in the United States would be exhausted in the not-too-distant future. Using different combinations of energy estimates, the report predicted that low-cost readily available domestic supplies would be depleted in 75 to 100 years and total supplies in 150 to 200 years. 

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