Diverse energy

Since the late 1960s, and more especially since 1973, when OPEC policies reversed fossil fuel pricing patterns that had virtually eliminated it as a major component of the Canadian energy economy, coal has not only regained substantial footholds in industrial fuel markets, but also attracted increasingly serious attention as a key resource from which, in future, more diverse energy demands could be met. 

Lee, R. J. Chao, K. C. Local composition of square-well molecules of diverse energies and sizes. Eluid Phase Equilib. 1987, 37, 325-336. 

Tackling security and competitiveness of energy supply towards a more sustainable, efficient and diverse energy mix. 

In some ceramics the only species that can move in an applied electric field are the ions in the structure. Generally, the movement of ions is slow, but in a class of ceramics called fast ion conductors, they can move very rapidly. In cubic zirconia the diffusion of oxygen ions at high temperature is particularly fast, and this ceramic is used as the electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. Fuel cells are becoming a key part of a diverse energy plan for the twenty-first century. 

To control the association of oil-like domains is to control protein function and to allow for design of remarkably efficient and diverse energy conversions. 

The essential aspect of the capacity of the inverse temperature transition to achieve diverse energy conversions resides within large chain molecules, which were just becoming known when the first edition of Schrodinger s book appeared. As we have sketched above, the functional properties of the model protein-... 

A Consilient Mechanism Provides a Common Groundwork of Explanation for the Diverse Energy Conversions of Biology... 

The Central Role of the Gibbs Free Energy for Hydrophobic Association in Diverse Energy Conversions... 

The consilient mechanism was bom out of controlling the hydrophobic association-dissociation of elastic-contractile model proteins to achieve the possibility of some 18 classes of pairwise energy conversions (see Chapter 5, section 5.6). In the process a set of five Axioms became the phenomenology out of which the consilient mechanism arose. For the first time a common groundwork of explanation was able to perform the diverse energy conversions of biology. 

Chapter 5 presents in one place, more extensively and in a more advanced state than previously, the decades long development of the comprehensive hydrophobic effect, the underpinnings of the hydrophobic consilient mechanism, whereby the control of hydrophobic association commands diverse energy conversion functions of protein-based polymers. Chapters 7 and 8 demonstrate the comprehensive hydrophobic effect and its interlinked elastic consilient mechanism to be vital aspects of protein function and dysfunction in biology. In the present chapter, we utilize this developed capacity to engineer protein-based polymers to demonstrate a few of an extraordinary range of applications. 

Green chemical engineering processes (process integration, materials diversity, energy saving, waste minimization, efficient separation processes etc.)... 

In the 1950s, many and diverse applications for nuclear energy were envisioned and explored. However, over the ensuing decades only two applications came into widespread industrial use — electricity production and naval ship propulsion. Fossil fuel was abundant, cheap, and convenient, and the use of nuclear fission for diverse energy applications was simply not cost competitive with fossil-fuelled options. 

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