Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Unified theory applications

Breggin, P. (1988-1989). The three dynamics of human progress A unified theory applicable to individuals, institutions and society. Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry 21, 97-123. [Pg.471]

The various copolymerization models that appear in the literature (terminal, penultimate, complex dissociation, complex participation, etc.) should not be considered as alternative descriptions. They are approximations made through necessity to reduce complexity. They should, at best, be considered as a subset of some overall scheme for copolymerization. Any unified theory, if such is possible, would have to take into account all of the factors mentioned above. The models used to describe copolymerization reaction mechanisms arc normally chosen to be the simplest possible model capable of explaining a given set of experimental data. They do not necessarily provide, nor are they meant to be, a complete description of the mechanism. Much of the impetus for model development and drive for understanding of the mechanism of copolymerization conies from the need to predict composition and rates. Developments in models have followed the development and application of analytical techniques that demonstrate the inadequacy of an earlier model. [Pg.337]

M. Altman, A Unified Theory of Nonlinear Operator and Evolution Equations with Applications (1986)... [Pg.768]

Recent work (l, 2, 3) by the junior author and his colleagues on thermally cycled gas compression by adsorption/desorption of N20 and other gases in zeolites created a need for a theory derived from first principles. Such a theory would be capable of accounting for the detailed physical behavior over a wide range of pressures, and thereby establish a reliable formalism to predict behavior and design apparatus. More important, however, is the need for a unifying theory to support and accelerate further work on all aspects of zeolite research and their applications. [Pg.4]

The theory of geminate recombination experienced a similar evolution from primitive exponential model and contact approximation [19,20], to distant recombination carried out by backward electron transfer [21], However, all these theories have an arbitrary parameter initial separation of reactants in a pair, / o. This uncertainty was eliminated by unified theory (UT) proposed in two articles published almost simultaneously [22,23], UT considers jointly the forward bimolecular electron transfer and subsequent geminate recombination of charged products carried out by backward electron or proton transfer. The forward transfer creates the initial condition for the backward one. This is the distribution of initial separations in the geminate ion pair/(ro), closely analyzed theoretically [24,25] and inspected experimentally [26,27], It was used to specify the geminate recombination kinetics accompanied by spin conversion and exciplex formation [28-31], These and other applications of UT have been covered in a review published in 2000 [32],... [Pg.109]

J.K. Dienes, A unified theory of flow, hot spots, and fragmentation with an application to explosive sensitivity, in High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids II Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation, L. Davison, D. Grady, and M. Shahinpoor Eds. Springer, New York, 1996. [Pg.324]

Summarizing, one can say that the lattice theories need improvement and compact macromolecules need more refined treatment. We shall develop in this paper a refined and unified theory of macromolecular solutions with special emphasis on dilute solutions. We shall put our standpoint on the general theory of solutions developed by McMillan and Mayer in 1945 and Kirkwood and Buff in 1951 (9). TTiese theories do not use the lattice model and are more natural for application especially to dilute solutions. The theories extend statistical theories on gases and this is the reason why we used the name gas theories (70) in the beginning of this Introduction. [Pg.236]

The technique of transient grating spectroscopy has been reviewed, with particular emphasis on its application to monitoring non-radiative deactivation. A unified theory of time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and Stokes shift spectroscopy has appeared. A separate review has considered the chemical and photophysical events occurring from upper excited states as accessed by multiphoton absorption techniques. ... [Pg.17]

In conclusion, in the unified theory the state of any system is described by means of probabilities that are inherent in the nature of the system and that are associated with measurement results obtained from an ensemble of systems of unambiguous preparation. Moreover, the second law of thermodynamics emerges as a fundamental law related to irreducible quantal dispersions of mixed states and applicable to systems of any size, including a single particle. [Pg.274]

More recently Andrews and Juzeliimas [6, 7] developed a unified theory that embraces both radiationless (Forster) and long-range radiative energy transfer. In other words this theory is valid over the whole span of distances ranging from those which characterize molecular stmcture (nanometres) up to cosmic distances. It also addresses the intermediate range where neither the radiative nor the Forster mechanism is fully valid. Below is their expression for the rate of pairwise energy transfer w from donor to acceptor, applicable to transfer in systems where the donor and acceptor are embedded in a transparent medium of refractive index n ... [Pg.3018]

Unified theory and ab initio computation of the wavefunctions and spectra just below and just above the fragmentation threshold, with application to atoms... [Pg.334]

Although no unifying theory explains all cases of adhesion, several mechanisms have been proposed. These may act completely separately or in combination in certain instances. The main theories of adhesion that are applicable to polymer systems include the following ... [Pg.24]

There is no single unified theory to model the fouling process because combined fouling occurs in many applications and no single solution exists for fouling control. Appropriate theories and methods must be selected to tackle fouling issues for each application. [Pg.114]

Contribution to the fundamental science will influence development of macrscopic kinetics, classical equilibrium thermodynamics, and joint application of these disciplines to study the macroworld. The capabilities of kinetic analysis will be surely expanded considerably, if traditional kinetic methods that are reduced to the analysis of trajectory equations are sup>plemented by novel numerical methods. The latter are to be based on consideration of continuous sequences of stationary processes in infinitesimal time intervals. The problems of searching for the trajectories, being included into the subject of equilibrium thermodynamics, would make deserved the definition of this discipline as a closed theory that allows the study of any macroscopic systems and processes on the basis of equilibrium principles. Like the equilibrium analytical mechanics of Lagrange the thermodynamics may be called the unified theory of statics and dynamics. Joint application of kinetic and thermodynamic models further increases the noted potential advantages of the discussed directions of studies. [Pg.56]

The ordering of constitutive particles of a crystalline lattice facilitates the methods of quantum mechatucs application to determine the energetie structure of the crystal. One of the most used methods in erystal study was firstly developed by Bloeh to elueidate metallie bond. Subsequently applied to the study of other types of bonds, the method allowed the delineation of a unified theory of erystalline solids (applieable, with some approximations, also for amorphous solids). [Pg.445]

As the solvent dynamics begin to play a role in ET, the thermal equilibrium distribution of the donor population may be broken down during ET. The case is similar to adiabatic chemical reactions in solvent. Kramers proposed a method to study the thermal rate of escape from a metastable state coupled to a dissipative environment (see the review article Ref. 67). Later, Poliak et al. formulated a unified theory-Kramers turnover theory, which covers the whole range of friction strength and is applicable to an arbitrary memory friction. The quantum tunneling was further incorporated by Rips and Poliak with use of parabolic approximation. Our strategy for ET is to extend the quantum... [Pg.311]

JP Perdew. Unified theory of exchange and correlation beyond the local density approximation. In P Ziesche, H Eschrig, eds. Electronic Structure in Sohds. Berlin Akademie Verlag, 1991, p 11. DD Koelling, GO Arbman. Use of energy derivative of the radial solution in an augmented plane wave method Application to copper. J Phys F Metal Phys 5 2041, 1975. [Pg.146]

Attempts have been made to explain the trans effects of different ligands on the basis of one unified theory. However, in order to account for all of the known facts, currently two theories are used. The polarization theory is applied to non-ir-bonding ligands such as F", H2O, NH3, CH3", and H, whereas the ir-bonding theory is applicable to hgands such as C2H4, CO,... [Pg.41]


See other pages where Unified theory applications is mentioned: [Pg.35]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.270]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.144]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.263]    [Pg.1369]    [Pg.603]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.799]    [Pg.1369]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.1297]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.1466]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.191]    [Pg.487]    [Pg.1434]    [Pg.302]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.410 ]




SEARCH



Applications theory

Unifi

© 2024 chempedia.info