Underbody

Ballcocks, faucets (taps), faucet cartridges, faucet underbodies, valve stems. .. Irrigation equipment and valves. .. 

Underbody anti-abrasion coating, mud flaps, anti-stone damage protection. .. 

Underbody parts in self-reinforced polypropylene (Curv) for the Audi A4. 

Polypropylenes perform well in interior and exterior parts for automotive, under-the-hood and underbody components such as ... 

SymaLITE lightweight reinforced thermoplastic (LWRT) composites are used by BMW on the underbody shields for the new 5 Series passenger cars. 

The big underbody panel on the new 5 Series from BMW with variable stiffness and density values within the panel produces a weight saving of 30% compared with a similar glass-reinforced PP compression-moulded or injection-moulded part. 

These companies also develop plastisols on the basis of other plastics, which however frequently also contain plasticisers. Underbody hard shells, on the other hand, are offered by other manufacturers. The market price for PVC plasticiser systems as a whole is characterised by the fact that the polymer (PVC) and the principal plasticiser (DEHP) are produced in veiy high volumes (in the EU 15 m. tons of PVC are produced per aimum, with 600,000 tons of DEHP being produced in 1997) and can be combined flexibly in order to obtain certain technical product qualities. The longer-chain phthalates DINP and DIDP are also high-volume chemicals (> 100,000 t/a). Soft PVC products ate thus generally incomparably cheap. 

By way of alternative to UBS plastisols, an underbody hard shell not only reduces the release of plasticisers during the usage phase. Due to reduced weight and reduced air resistance (CW value) fuel consumption of vehicles is also reduced, which has a positive effect as part of a life-cycle assessment. After dismantling the plastic part can be recycled separately. 

BASF is thus currently endeavouring to establish the substance DINCH as a new registered substitute (entirely tested plasticiser without any hazardous properties) for DEHP in high-price market segments (e.g. medical devices). Soft PVC users substitute on the material level, if they can achieve further process-related and/or quahty-related optimisations in the course of technological development (e.g. underbody hard shells) Environment and health-compatible substance properties are additional qualities in business-to-business (B2B) markets. They are of relevance almost only for manufacturers, who market their products on demand-dominated, saturated markets with differentiated quality production — Hypothesis 8). 

The chance for a substantial rise in resource efficiency and an effective reduction of toxic risks can be missed if the market actors concentrate on alternatives with a lower level of innovation. Frequently there is a limitation on the side of the suppliers due to the limits of the traditional business (plastisol manufacturers do not produce underbody hard shells, manufacturers of floor coverings are bound to their machinery and can thus hardly switch over to using other materials). 

Examples of such effects are the SubChem cases for the substitution of DEHP as a plasticiser in PVC by other phthalates (instead of switching over to underbody hard shells), optimisation of formulations in water-soluble cooling lubricants (instead of switching over to minimum quantity lubrication) or the use of water-based flexographic inks (instead of switching over to UV-drying printing inks). 

Applications Carwash-spray underbody treatment Formula T-108... 

Converters for cars are usually ceramic monoliths and occasionally metal based. Without much exaggeration, they can be claimed to be one of the major successes of recent decades in the area of chemical engineering and catalysis. In the beginning, the catalytic converter was placed underbody, where sufficient space was available and where the temperature was expected to be mild. There was no need... 

The hot dip process is used to coat wire baskets, brackets etc., and depends on preheating the object to be coated (100-120 °C) and dipping it into the plastisol where the PVC gels around the object. Cold dip and spray coating is used on fabrics, such as lined gloves, or metal, such as underbody sealant. These are subsequently gelled in an oven. The use of an infrared system to cure PVC sealant compound has also been introduced (343). 

Three different converter applications are discussed to illustrate not only the variable operating conditions, but also the effectiveness of the systems approach in optimizing converter design for the passenger car (for both close-coupled and underbody locations) and the heavy-duty gasoline truck. These examples should prove valuable in designing other converter systems for which automakers requirements and component suppliers limitations are even more challenging ... 

Car 2 1 converter, underbody, Pd front monolith, Pt/Rh rear monolith ... 

In addition, catalysts have been developed that use only palladium as the precious metal component, with Pd loadings of about 1.8-10.6gl catalyst volume. These catalysts are mainly used as light-off catalysts, which are typically small catalysts located close to the engine outlet, and used in combination with a main catalyst that contains rhodium together with platinum which is located in the vehicle underbody downstream of the light-off catalyst. However, these palladium-only catalysts are sometimes also used as the main catalyst, in conjunction with particular engine management systems. 

In the application of catalytic converters to vehicles, an extremely broad range of different converter designs are used. The reasons for this are that each vehicle has different raw emissions, different catalyst operation conditions and different - in most cases limited - space available in the vehicle underbody to accommodate the catalyst. 

Finally, the role of the design of the converter cones needs to be mentioned. Because of limitations in the space available at the vehicle underbody, catalytic converters are often fitted with short inlet and outlet cones. Short inlet cones tend to cause a nonuniform distribution of the exhaust gas flow over the inlet surface of the monolith (Fig. 64). 

Decorative trim Shock absorption Underbody protection Seals... 

Underbody protection, protective bordering, cable insulation, interior paneling... 

This cold-start concept was tested in a Volkswagen vehicle (engine 2.0 1 catalyst 1.9 1, Pt/Rh (5 1) 50 ). Since the experimental setup could not be placed in normal underbody position the catalyst in the experiments was positioned at the end of the exhaust tail pipe behind the mufflers. In spite of these unfavourable conditions very good conversion behavior of the CHC-concept can be observed in the experiments. 

Coracoat [PPG Industries/Adhesives] Water borne, air dry underbody coating. 

Symalit GMT. [Symaliti MBS Mastics] Glass mat leMorced tiiennqdastics for automotive bumper systems, front end, under-hood, underbody panels. 

The canceled H ions are shown to emphasize that they act as a catalyst that is, they speed the process as they are used up in one step of the overall reaction and created in another. As a result of this action, rusting is faster at low pH (high [H" "]) (fact 4). Ionic solutions speed rusting by improving the conductivity of the aqueous medium near the anodic and cathodic regions (fact 5). The effect of ions is especially evident on ocean-going vessels and on the underbodies and around the wheel wells of cars driven in cold climates, where salts are used to melt ice on slippery roads. 

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