UN Security Council

At present, there are altogether 167 States Parties to the Convention. Important is the membership of all P-5 members of UN Security Council and vast majority of states with declarable CWC facilities. 

The OPCW s expertise and knowledge of CWs including its developed system of assistance and protection under the CWC (Article X) as a reflection of international solidarity and co-operation are being put to use to prevent and respond to chemical terrorism and thus considerably diminish its potential consequences. It can be added that pursuant to the recent UN Security Council Resolution No 1540, all nations are obliged to take actions ensuring that non-State actors cannot develop, produce, use or trade CWs according to the terms of CWC. 

More recently, this connection has been recognized in UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004). 

UN Security Council Resolution 1540 of 28 April 200425 addresses some of the limitations inherent in the PSI approach, as first of all the export control measures required under it are not excluding intangible technology transfers. It also has a much wider scope than PSI prohibiting state support for non-state efforts to acquire NBC weapons, requiring states to ... 

A more detailed account of the negotiation, content and implications of UN Security Council Resolution 1540 can be found in M. Datan, Security Council Resolution 1540 WMD and non-state trahcking, Disarmament Diplomacy, 79, 2005 C. Craft, Challenges ofUNSCR 1540 Questions about International Export Controls, CITS Briefs (Athens University of Georgia, 2004). 

In the mid-2000s, the Iranian political relationship with the international community (and especially the United States) has become increasingly difficult. The Ahmedinejad regime has had regular verbal confrontations with OECD countries on issues ranging from nuclear power development to the existence of Israel. Should a reference to the UN Security Council, in relation to nuclear materials, lead to international sanctions being imposed on Iran, then most (if not all) substantial international investments in Iranian gas projects would become impossible. 

Ball and James Thomson, especially, had insisted that if it wanted peace through Moscow, Washington had to provide the Soviet Union with a political alternative, such as the submission of the whole problem to the UN Security Council for a great power-sponsored peace conference. Ball toLBJ, 13 February i 6s,FRUS 1964-S, II,pp. 259-61. Vietnam Panel meeting notes, 8 July 1965, PRUS 11)64-8, III, p. 140. 

In the absence of the Convention s full universality and in view of non-state actors seeking to acquire chemical weapons capabilities. States have long adopted counter-proliferation measures. Early steps had already been taken in the 1980s, both at the national level and by way of international co-ordination, such as the export controls organized through the so-called Australia group. The effectiveness of such controls is doubtful, notwithstanding other multilateral efforts such as UN Security Council Resolution 1540 of 28 April 2004 on the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. ... 

The Collective Security Approach Nuclear Terrorism and the UN Security Council... 

See UNMICT, Press Release, Prosecutor fallow addresses UN Security Council (5 June 2014), http //www.unmict.oig/en/news/prosecutor-jallow-addresses-un-security-council (accessed 4 March 2015) The report can be found here http //www.unmict.org/sites/default/files/attachments/arti-cles/050614%20report.pdf (accessed 4 March 2015). 

In a meeting opened by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2171 on conflict prevention. The Security Council expressed its commitment to prevent armed conflict as part of its primary responsibility to maintain international peace and security, and reaffirmed fhat each state has the responsibility to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. 

UN Security Council, Report of the specialists appointed by the Secretary-General to investigate allegations by the Islamic ReptAlic of Iran concerning the use of chemical weapons, S/16433, 26 March 1984, pp. 11-12. 

There is a well-established rule of international law protecting the territorial integrity and unity of states. For instance, even UN Security Council Resolution 1514 (XV), which first enshrined the principle of self-determination as classically understood, determined that ... 

UN Security Council Resolution 1244(1999), lOJune 1999, S/RES/1244 (1999). Text available at http //daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N99/172/89/PDF/ N9917289.pdfPOpenElement, accessed 3 November 2008. 

A further complicated issue arises in the context of effective entities of uncertain status. This is the question of the effect of pronouncements by the UN Security Council. It is clear that the adoption of an unambiguous Chapter VII declaration, declaring invalid an entity s claim to statehood, would determine that entity s status in a definite and legally binding way. However, in several cases, the Council has acted less decisively. 

The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, initialled in Dayton on 21 November 1995 and signed in Paris on 14 December 1995, Annex 4, Art. 3(2)(a). Full text available at http //www.intstudies.cam.ac.uk/centre/cps/ documents bosnia dayton.html, accessed 3 November 2008. See also the Preamble to UN Security Council Resolution 1031 (1995), 15 December 1995, S/RES/1031 (1995). Full text available at http //daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N95/ 405/26/PDF/N9540526.pdf OpenElement, accessed 3 November 2008. 

E.g., UN Security Council Resolution 876 (1993), 19 October 1993, S/RES/876 (1993), at para. 1 and 1752 (2007), 13 April 2007, S/RES/1752(1007), at para. 1, [rjeaffirms the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders . Full text available at http //www.unomig.org/data/file/945/071015 SRES 1781.pdf, accessed 3 November 2008. 

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