Security Council

Copies of that letter and replies from Ambassador Chandra and the US National Security Council can be obtained from the author. 

At present, there are altogether 167 States Parties to the Convention. Important is the membership of all P-5 members of UN Security Council and vast majority of states with declarable CWC facilities. 

The OPCW s expertise and knowledge of CWs including its developed system of assistance and protection under the CWC (Article X) as a reflection of international solidarity and co-operation are being put to use to prevent and respond to chemical terrorism and thus considerably diminish its potential consequences. It can be added that pursuant to the recent UN Security Council Resolution No 1540, all nations are obliged to take actions ensuring that non-State actors cannot develop, produce, use or trade CWs according to the terms of CWC. 

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On 30 March 1984, the United Nations Security Council issued a statement condemning the use of chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq War. The same day the US government announced it was instituting a special licensing requirement for exports to Iran and Iraq of particular chemicals that could be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons. Other governments took similar steps. Following this statement, reports... 

UNSCR UNSCOM USAAF WMD United Nations Security Council Resolution United Nations Special Commission United States Army Air Force Weapons of Mass Destruction... 

By the early 1950s the U.S. government had established its own germ warfare laboratory at an army base located at Fort Detrick, Maryland. Over time, the scientists identified approximately 50 different viruses and rickettsiae that were good candidates for germ warfare, a number that was nearly three times the number of suitable bacteria. Viruses were considered to be particularly ideal agents since they were basically unaffected by antibiotics and they could be selected to primarily debilitate, rather than kill, the victim. Incapacitation ties up more resources of the enemy and is more humane. President Eisenhower was briefed at a National Security Council meeting on February 18, 1960, to the effect that controlled incapacitation promised to open up a new dimension of warfare. ... 

In the early 1990s, leaders of Aum Shinrikyo, the Japanese religious cult that in 1995 attacked riders on the Tokyo subway with a sarin nerve agent, made numerous trips to Russia.The group s leader in charge of weapons procurement made 21 trips to Russia between 1992 and 1995. Group leaders frequently met with senior government officials, such as the secretary of Russian Security Council, the Parliament speaker, and vice... 

More recently, this connection has been recognized in UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004). 

As is evident from the text of Security Council Resolution 1540 and the CWC, the implementation of international obligations at the national level encompasses both the adoption of legislation and its enforcement. This chapter will focus on the former, in particular on the comprehensiveness of legislation required by the CWC. 

It should be noted that some States Parties have argued that the specification in Article VI, paragraph 2, of the chemicals and facilities subject to verification means that a State Party may regulate only these and not go any further in its regulation of toxic chemicals. This view appears to be contradictory to the text of the provision, which states a broad rule and indicates that the verification of specific chemicals and facilities is a means to this end. The point is in any event made moot by the broader obligations introduced by Security Council Resolution 1540. 

As of July 2005, the OPCW s membership includes all of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, and now covers ... 

Security Council Resolution 1540, adopted on 28 April 2004, confirms the connection with the OPCW s work. This has also been firmly established in the consultations of the States Parties, between the OPCW s Action Plan on Article VII of the Convention and Resolution 1540. Under the mandatory Security Council resolution, adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, all UN members are required ... 

The mandatory requirement for all states to implement Security Council Resolntion 1540 is more than merely complementary to these efforts. It has added new depth and urgency to the task, and set short time frames for states to report on steps they have taken or intend to take to implement this resolution . The OPCW s Article VII Action Plan also seeks to have States Parties enact legislation, inclnding penal legislation, and adopt the administrative measures necessary to implement the CWC no later than the Tenth Session of the Conference of States Parties held in November 2005. These are ambitious targets, but the message to all states could hardly be clearer. 

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