Ultrasound examination

Adding the carboxymethyl group makes the starch less prone to damage by heat and bacteria. Carboxymethyl starch is used as an additive in oil drilling mud. It is also used in the goo that makes ultrasound examinations so messy. Carboxymethyl starch is also called a starch ether. 

Ultrasound examination is used routinely to evaluate cirrhosis a small, nodular liver with increased echogenicity is consistent with cirrhosis. Liver biopsy is the only way to diagnose cirrhosis definitively, but it is often deferred in lieu of a... 

Aloka Pro Sound SSD 4000 used for ultrasound examinations. For pregnancy confirmation, a 10 MHz linear probe (UST5542) is used. For fetal examinations, a 7.5 MHz probe (UST 5524) or 5 MHz convex probe (UST 992-5) is used depending on the size of the fetus. 

Monitoring of pregnancy (see Note 5) Vaginal swabs are taken daily to detect abortion bleeding ultrasound examinations are performed on gestation day (GD) 30, 44, 58, 72, 86, 100, 114, 128, 142, and 156 1, and then every third or fourth day until delivery. 

Procedures following abortion In case of heavy vaginal bleeding, an additional ultrasound examination is performed to check the pregnancy status. A second ultrasound is performed to confirm abortion and if a dead fetus is still present in utero, a cesarean section is performed. 

Gonadorelin is administered intravenously, 5 pg every 90 minutes from a portable pump. The woman is followed carefully with serum estradiol levels, and an ovarian ultrasound examination is done weekly before refilling the GnRH pump. When an ovarian follicle reaches 14 mm in diameter, ovulation is induced with hCG, 5000 units subcutaneously, and the luteal phase is maintained with hCG, 1500 units every 3 days for 12 days. 

There are patient selection factors for EVAR of AAAs that set this procedure apart from open repair. The durability of the open repair is well known and has been demonstrated in multiple clinical studies. EVAR on the other hand requires routine and frequent follow-up with ultrasound examination and or CT scans to evaluate the repair for the development of complications that require secondary interventions. The patient must be able to commit to this follow-up routine in order to be eligible for the procedure, In general, patients who are young with few comorbidites are still advised to undergo open surgical repair because of the demonstrated... 

Fig. 15.2. Diffusion-weighted imaging in a 54-year-old patient with acute onset of severe left-sided hemiplegia shows a territorial infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory, as well as additional bilateral hemodynamic lesions. Ultrasound examination in this patient showed high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis on both sides...

Ultrasound examination Follicular growth, ovarian cysts... 

A 78-year-old woman taking lithium had hyperamyla-semia and hyperlipasemia in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Ultrasound examination showed the pancreas and liver to be normal. She also had hyperparathyroidism and renal dysfunction (306). 

Lyttkens, K., Forsberg, L., Hederstroem, E. Ultrasound examination of lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Brit. J. Radiol. 1990 63 26-30... 

Ultrasound examination is always indicated for the clarification of jaundice. The results determine the subsequent diagnostic steps. It is important to clarify whether the bile ducts are dilated, which is a hint for obstructive jaundice, (s. tabs. 6.8, 6.9) (s. p. 131)... 

ERC facilitates precise visualization of the bile ducts - this is also possible by means of PTC in cases of sonographically determined dilation of the bile ducts with suspected biliary obstruction. PTC is likewise indicated if ultrasound examination fails to produce evidence of enlarged bile ducts and/or ERC has proved inconclusive even though clinical and laboratory examinations suggest biliary obstruction, (s. pp 183, 184)... 

Mathlesen, U.L., Franzen, L.E., Aselius, H., Resjo, M., Jacobsson, L., Foberg, U., Fryden, A., Bodemar, G. Increased liver echogenicity at ultrasound examination reflects degree of steatosis but not of fibrosis in asymptomatic patients with mild/moderate abnormalities of liver transaminases. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2002 34 516-522... 

The ideal contrast agent for enhancing ultrasound images and Doppler signals would be non-toxic, injectable intravenously, capable of crossing the pulmonary capillary bed, stable for the duration of the ultrasound examination, and useful for both Doppler and grey scale enhancement. 

Changes in analytical bias directly shift the distribution of the patient test values. If the elevated values on a test are associated with specific clinical actions, then the shifts in analytical bias can notably alter the number of patients having test values that exceed the action limit. For example, for a serum calcium assay with an action limit of lO.i mg/dL, an upward bias of 0.2 mg/dL changes the number of patients subjected to further investigation from 6.5% to 15.0%. Similarly, analytical shifts in other critical analytes can cause notable clinical problems, such as false elevations of prostate-specific antigen values triggering prostate ultrasound examinations and biopsies and false elevation of TSH triggering additional thyroid examinations. These small analytical shifts can have major downstream effects on healthcare costs. 

Ultrasound examination and quantitative measurements of serum CG can be useful in identifying women with ectopic pregnancies or abnormal intrauterine pregnancies. These conditions frequently produce abnormal CG concentrations and slow rates of increase. In addition, progesterone measurements can be helpful either individually or in combination with CG. 

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