UL laboratory

Foam used was Macrofoam B (Rockwood Systems) 2% premix, on a UL laboratory generator... 

DeMaio and Baushke [6] used flammability tests to select elastomeric materials, which meet industry flammability standards, with the emphasis on elastomeric materials for mass transit applications and electrical applications. The intricacies of the UL 94 VO listings are briefly considered, flammability ratings for cellular silicones are tabulated and regional fire testing services and UL laboratories in the USA and Canada are listed. 

It grants exceptions based on the ceU capacity and ability of the cells to pass specified tests. There are several groups that regulate, or provide testing, to verify safe operation of Li-Ion cells under abuse conditions. In addition, the UL Laboratories,... 

It is important to know whether a polymer will be stable, that is, whether it will not decompose at a given temperature. There are several measures of thermal stability, the most important of which (from an economic standpoint) is the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) temperature index. 

Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materialsfor Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL-94, Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, lU., 1991. 

CAL = California MVSS = Motor Vehicle Safety Standard UL = Underwriter s Laboratory. 

Each segment of the insulated wire and cable industry has its own set of standards, and cables are built to conform to specifications provided by a large variety of technical associations such as The Institute of Electrical Electronic Engineers (IEEE), The Insulated Cable Engineers Association, (ICEA), National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Rural Electrification Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (REA), Association of Edison Illumination Companies (AEIC), MiUtary Specifications of the Department of Defense (MIL), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc. 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is an independent, nonprofit organisation that develops standards for safety in electrical products. UL 746 A, B,... 

Flammability. Most nylons ate classified V-2 by the Underwriters Laboratory UL-94 test, which means that these nylons are self-extinguishing within a certain time-scale under the conditions of the test. They achieve this performance by means of giving off burning drips. 

Long-term exposure to high temperature is best described by the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) temperature index. The UL temperature index is ... 

Fire and Wind Hazards. Weather resistance of roof covetings is not necessarily correlated to fire and wiad resistance. Underwriters Laboratory and the Factory Mutual System test and rate fire and wiad hazard resistance, and some durabiUty tests. Organic felt or fiber glass mat base shingles are commonly manufactured to meet minimum UL requirements, which, ia addition to minimum mass, require wiad and fire resistance properties. 

For physical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, ASTM test methods are employed (28). Flammability ratings are often based on Underwriters Laboratories (UL) standards (29). UL flammabiUty ratings given ia this article are aot iateaded to reflect the hazards preseated by the resias uader use coaditioas. Typical properties are givea ia Table 3. More details and additional properties are given ia Refereaces 5 and 31—33. 

Thermal Properties. Thermal properties include heat-deflection temperature (HDT), specific heat, continuous use temperature, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and flammability ratings. Heat-deflection temperature is a measure of the minimum temperature that results in a specified deformation of a plastic beam under loads of 1.82 or 0.46 N/mm (264 or 67 psi, respectively). Eor an unreinforced plastic, this is typically ca 20°C below the glass-transition temperature, T, at which the molecular mobility is altered. Sometimes confused with HDT is the UL Thermal Index, which Underwriters Laboratories estabflshed as a safe continuous operation temperature for apparatus made of plastics (37). Typically, UL temperature indexes are significantly lower than HDTs. Specific heat and thermal conductivity relate to insulating properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion is an important component of mold shrinkage and must be considered when designing composite stmctures. 

Certified testing and approval for control-valve devices used in hazardous locations is normally procured by the manufacturer of the device. The manufacturer often goes to a third party laboratory for testing and certification. Applicable approval standards are available from CSA, CENELEC, EM, SAA, and UL. 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL 51, UL343, ULI08I, UL448, ULI247... 

Over the years many attempts have been made to provide some measure of the maximum service temperature which a material will be able to withstand without thermal degradation rendering it unfit for service. Quite clearly any figure will depend on the time the material is likely to be exposed to elevated temperatures. One assessment that is being increasingly quoted is the UL 746B Relative Temperature Index Test of the Underwriters Laboratories (previously known as the Continuous Use Temperature Rating or Index). 

In the absence of fire retardants the material has a limiting oxygen index of 27.5 and may bum slowly. Only some grades will achieve a UL 94 V-1 rating. The Underwriters Laboratories continuous use temperature index is also somewhat low and similar to the polyarylates with ratings of 135-140°C (electrical) and 105°C (mechanical with impact). Initial marketing has emphasised comparisons with the aliphatic nylons for the reasons given in the previous... 

UL 525. 1994. Standard for Flame Arresters. 6th edition. Undenvriters Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, IL. (Also available as ANSI/UL 525-1995.)... 

Underwriters Laboratories Standard UL 525 (1994) applies to both deflagration and detonation flame arresters. It has also been approved as an ANSI standard. Its development is discnssed in Section 2.3.1. 

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) and Factory Mntnal Research (FM) will condnct tests for flame arrester mannfactnrers to ascertain if a designated flame arrester (deflagration or detonation type) will prevent passage of a flame of a specific gas. Both UL and FM test procednres also inclnde tests for endnrance bnrning, and in the case of UL tests, also for continnons flames. 

UL will nsnally mn the tests at their own test facilities in accordance with UL 525. Wlien a flame arrester snccessfully passes the tests it is given a Listing mark and is so pnblished in their Gas and Oil Eqnipment cata-logne. UL will also witness tests at other test facilities, if a flame arrester mannfactnrer so wishes, nnder the UL Witnessed Test Data Program. If the tests are condncted in accordance with UL 525, then the flame arrester is listed similarly as if the tests had been done at UL s laboratory. If a witnessed test is done at another laboratory in accordance with another test protocol (not UL 525), then the flame arrester is designated as Classified. All flame arresters that have a UL Listing or Classified mark may be fonnd on their web site www.nl.com... 

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