Typical products

Typical product specification for the oil, gas and water would include value for the following parameters ... 

The following table provides some quantitative values for typical product specifications. 

The mechanical performance of equipment is likely to deteriorate with use due to wear, corrosion, erosion, vibration, contamination and fracture, which may lead to failure. Since this would threaten a typical production objective of meeting quality and quantity specifications, maintenance engineering provide a service which helps to safely achieve the production objective. 

TABLE 1-56. TYPICAL PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION OF THE DECOMPOSITION AT 100°C OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE (0.02 MOLE) IN THIAZOLE (I MOLE) (397)... 

Fig. 2. Typical products from hydrogenation of soybean oil. Reaction conditions are 175°C, 0.02% Ni, 113 kPa (15 psig), and 600 rpm agitation. O is oleic ...

Cblorina.ted Pa.ra.ffins, The term chlotinated paraffins covers a variety of compositions. The prime variables are molecular weight of the starting paraffin and the chlorine content of the final product. Typical products contain from 12—24 carbons and from 40—70 wt % chlorine. Liquid chlotinated paraffins are used as plasticizers (qv) and flame retardants ia paint (qv) and PVC formulations. The soHd materials are used as additive flame retardants ia a variety of thermoplastics. In this use, they are combiaed with antimony oxide which acts as a synergist. Thermal stabilizers, such as those used ia PVC (see vinyl polymers), must be used to overcome the inherent thermal iastabiUty. 

The commercial tricresyl phosphate product is essentially a -isomer mixture. Typical products of this class are Ak2o s Lindol [1330-78-5] ... 

Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is also available in cylinders, and aqueous hydrogen fluoride, either 50% or 70%, is also shipped in polyethylene bottles and carboys. Typical product specifications and analysis methods are given in Table 4. 

Formic acid is manufactured in concentrations of 85, 90, 95, 98, and >99%, the diluent being water. A typical product sales specification is given in Table 2 (36). 

Bullet-resistant glass is contmcted of many layers of glass and aircraft-type PVB depending on the level of resistance desired. Typical products are 38—50 mm thick and weigh 90-130 kg/m. ... 

The conversion of fatty alcohols is approximately 99%. The reaction product is then condensed and sent to a distillation column to remove water and high boilers. Typically, a-olefin carbon-number distribution is controlled by the alcohol composition of the reactor feed. The process is currentiy used to produce a-olefins from fatty alcohols. A typical product composition is at <5%, at 50—70%, C g at 30—50%, C2Q at <2%,... 

Acute avian oral toxicity (LD q) in bobwhite quail or mallard duck (using typical product)... 

The recognition that PPS had significant commercial potential as an advanced material came in the late 1940s (12). MacaHum s PPS process is based on the reaction of elemental sulfur, -dichlorobenzene, and sodium carbonate in sealed vessels at 275—300°C (12). Typical products produced by the MacaHum process contain more than one sulfur per repeating unit x = 1.2-2.3) ... 

The 4,4 -MDA is sold commercially with a diamine assay of 98 —99%. The major impurity is the 2,4 -MDA isomer, which can be present in amounts up to 3%. PMDA products are normally defined by hydrogen equivalent weight and viscosity. Typical products exhibit a 50 hydrogen equivalent weight and a viscosity of 80 140 mPa-s(=cP) at 70°C. PMDA products normally contain, in addition to the isomers and oligomers of MDA, small amounts of aniline, water, chlorides, and various alkylated amines. AH MDA products should be stored in sealed containers in a cool dry area. 

Worldwide siUcate production is estimated to be approximately 4 x 10 t/yr. The 1995 prices for typical products are given in Table 4. The price for a hquid product, normalised to a 100% soHds basis, is usually close to the price of the corresponding bulk glass. International trade of sibcates, especially bquid products, is limited by the cost of transportation rather than production costs. Production of sibcates has increased in the 1990s (Table 5). This growth is primarily attributed to an increase in the use of sibcate to make derivatives and also to use in peroxide bleaching. 

Analysis and Specifications. Typical product analyses include sohds level, ash, color, conductivity, purity, and minor saccharide levels (19). Specifications for anhydrous and monohydrate crystalline dextrose are available (15). High quahty anhydrous dextrose produced for the pharmaceutical industry is prepared in accordance with additional specifications (20). 

The main electroceramic apphcations of titanium dioxide derive from its high dielectric constant (see Table 6). Rutile itself can be used as a dielectric iu multilayer capacitors, but it is much more common to use Ti02 for the manufacture of alkaline-earth titanates, eg, by the cocalciuation of barium carbonate and anatase. The electrical properties of these dielectrics are extremely sensitive to the presence of small (<20 ppm) quantities of impurities, and high performance titanates require consistently pure (eg, >99.9%) Ti02- Typical products are made by the hydrolysis of high purity titanium tetrachloride. 

The pressure to be used for reverse osmosis depends on the salinity of the feedwater, the type of membrane, and the desired product purity. It ranges from about 1.5 MPa for low feed concentrations or high flux membranes, through 2.5—4 MPa for brackish waters, and to 6—8.4 MPa for seawater desalination. In desalination of brackish or sea water, typical product water fluxes through spiral-wound membranes are about 600—800 kg/m /d at a recovery ratio RR of 15% and an average salt rejection of 99.5%, where... 

Commercial chlorination of benzene today is carried out as a three-product process (monochlorobenzene and 0- and -dichlorobenzenes). The most economical operation is achieved with a typical product spHt of about 85% monochlorobenzene and a minimum of 15% dichlorobenzenes. Typically, about two parts of -dichlorobenzene are formed for each part of (9-isomer. It is not economical to eliminate the coproduction of the dichlorobenzenes. To maximize monochlorobenzene production (90% monochlorobenzene and 10% dichlorobenzene), benzene is lightly chlorinated the density of the reaction mixture is monitored to minimize polychlorobenzene production and the unreacted benzene is recycled. 

A number of products are being marketed under the trade name POLYON. These include coated basic fertilizer materials, ie, urea, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, and iron sulfate, in various particle sizes. Coatings weights on urea vary from 1.5 to 15%, depending on the release duration desired. Table 6 Hsts typical products. 

Product Distribution. In addition to ethylene, many by-products are also formed. Typical product distributions for various feeds from a typical short residence time furnace are shown in Table 5. The product distribution is strongly influenced by residence time, hydrocarbon partial pressure, steam-to-od ratio, and coil outlet pressure. 

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