Detergents, production typical formulation

Modem detergent products are complex mixtures of many different ingredients. Typical formulations consist of surfactants, builders, and other additives designed to maximize performance for the consumer while maintaining reasonable raw material and manufacturing costs. Typical detergent formulations contain multiple surfactant types to optimize performance and product stability.21,22 Performance additives such as bleaches, bleach activators,... 

EPM is preferred for dynamic applications because its age resistance retains initial product design over time and environmental expo-sure.i2 ePDM is preferred for its high resilience.12 ePM is resistant to acids, bases (alkalis), and hot detergent solution. EPM and EPDM are resistant to salt solutions, oxygenated solvents, and synthetic hydraulic fluids. 2 Properties are determined by the composition of the base compound. A typical formulation includes Vistalon EP(D)M, carbon black, process oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid, and sulfur. 12... 

The structures of typical examples have been mentioned already, such as the substantive DAST-type product 11.60, the distyryldiphenyl 11.15 and the vic-triazole 11.17. Certain FBAs, including these three compounds, can exist in relatively purer, near-colourless 13-crystal modifications or in less pure yellowish crystalline forms. They are most easily prepared in the yellower form but incorporation of this material into a detergent formulation leads to unacceptable discoloration of the powder. Today, these products are supplied in a near-colourless form that may be prepared, for example, by heating an aqueous alkaline suspension of the yellowish material together with a co-solvent. 

Spray-dried powders are formulated to give the best overall cleaning performance and flow characteristics at the lowest possible formulation costs. Typical spray-dried detergent formulations are shown in Table 36.6. Slurry preparation is considered to be the single most important factor in spray drying. Control of the raw material order of addition, slurry solids level, slurry temperature, viscosity, and aeration enable manufacturers to deliver the desired final product characteristics. The spray tower itself is simply a contained heat source that removes moisture at a uniform rate dependent upon the quality and the quantity of feed to the dryer. If feed variables are not controlled, variability in the... 

Surfactants are widely used for a variety of reasons, including surface wetting agents, detergents, emulsifiers, lubricants, gasoline additives, and enhanced oil-recovery agents. The type of surfactants selected for a particular application often depends on the chemical and physical properties required and on economics or other considerations such as environmental concerns. To meet these requirements, a typical surfactant formulation may contain blends of a variety of commercial products, which could include ionic and nonionic ethoxylated surfactants, alkylsulfonates, and alkylaryl-sulfonates, and petroleum sulfonates. 

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